A 19-year-old presents with abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. Physical examination reveals rebound tenderness and a low-grade fever. A possible diagnosis would be:
Bowel obstruction
Hepatitis
Appendicitis
Colon cancer
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason:
Bowel obstruction can cause abdominal pain, but it typically presents with symptoms such as vomiting, absence of bowel movements, and abdominal distention rather than localized right lower quadrant pain and rebound tenderness. Therefore, this choice is less likely.
Choice B reason:
Hepatitis usually presents with symptoms like jaundice, fatigue, and generalized abdominal discomfort rather than localized right lower quadrant pain with rebound tenderness. This makes hepatitis an unlikely diagnosis in this case.
Choice C reason:
Appendicitis is characterized by right lower quadrant pain, rebound tenderness, and low-grade fever, making it the most likely diagnosis for this patient. These symptoms are classic for appendicitis, a common surgical emergency in young adults.
Choice D reason:
Colon cancer can cause abdominal pain, but it is typically associated with older age, changes in bowel habits, and weight loss. The presentation of right lower quadrant pain and rebound tenderness with fever is not typical for colon cancer, making it an unlikely diagnosis in this young patient.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: H. pylori infection is a well-known cause of duodenal ulcers. This bacterium damages the protective lining of the stomach and duodenum, leading to inflammation and ulceration. It is one of the most common causes of peptic ulcers worldwide.
Choice D reason: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are another primary cause of duodenal ulcers. These medications can irritate the stomach lining and increase acid production, leading to ulcer formation. Long-term use of NSAIDs is particularly associated with this risk.
E reason: Chronic alcohol (ETOH) abuse can also lead to duodenal ulcers. Alcohol irritates the stomach lining and increases acid production, which can contribute to the development of ulcers. Additionally, alcohol abuse can impair the healing process of existing ulcers.
Choice B reason: Side effects of antibiotics are not typically associated with the primary causes of duodenal ulcers. While antibiotics can cause gastrointestinal disturbances, they are not a common cause of ulcer formation.
Choice C reason: Trauma is not a primary cause of duodenal ulcers. While severe physical stress or injury can lead to stress ulcers, these are different from the typical duodenal ulcers caused by H. pylori infection, NSAIDs, or chronic alcohol abuse.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
An embolus is the term used to describe a detached blood clot or other material that travels through the bloodstream and can cause a blockage in a blood vessel. Emboli can be composed of blood clots, fat, air, or other substances, and they can lead to serious conditions like strokes or pulmonary embolisms when they obstruct blood flow.
Choice B reason:
A thrombus is a blood clot that forms in a blood vessel and remains at its site of origin. It does not refer to a clot that has detached and is traveling through the bloodstream. The distinction between thrombus and embolus is crucial in understanding and describing vascular conditions.
Choice C reason:
Thromboembolus is a term that combines thrombus and embolus, indicating that a thrombus has become an embolus. While accurate, the more precise and commonly used term for a detached blood clot is simply "embolus."
Choice D reason:
Infarction refers to tissue death due to a lack of blood supply, often caused by an embolus or thrombus blocking a blood vessel. It does not describe the detached blood clot itself but rather the result of its action.
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