The accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, is an example of fluid loss, also known as:

Choice A reason: A catheter is a flexible tube inserted into the body to allow the passage of fluids or other substances. While catheters can be used for hemodialysis, they are typically considered temporary access points and are not created by surgically attaching an artery to a vein.

Choice B reason: A peripheral intravenous line (PIV) is a catheter placed into a small peripheral vein. PIVs are commonly used for short-term access to administer medications or fluids but are not suitable for the high flow rates needed for hemodialysis and are not surgically created by joining an artery and a vein.

Choice C reason: An arteriovenous graft (AVG) involves using a synthetic tube to connect an artery and a vein. AVGs are used for patients who cannot have an AVF due to small or weak veins. While AVGs are a viable option for hemodialysis, they are not the preferred method due to higher rates of complications like infections and clotting compared to AVFs.

Choice D reason: An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred method of vascular access for long-term hemodialysis. It is created by surgically connecting an artery to a vein, usually in the arm. This connection allows for increased blood flow through the vein, which enlarges and strengthens it, making it suitable for repeated needle insertions during dialysis sessions. AVFs are preferred because they have lower rates of complications and provide better long-term access compared to other methods.

Choice A reason: Lispro (Insulin lispro) does not primarily act to reduce insulin resistance. Instead, it is a rapid-acting insulin analog used to manage blood glucose levels in people with diabetes.

Choice B reason: Lispro does not prevent the formation of glucose. Its main function is to help control blood sugar levels by replacing the insulin that the body is not producing enough of.

Choice C reason: Lispro does not decrease the body's need for glucose in body cells. Instead, it helps facilitate the uptake of glucose into cells by mimicking the action of natural insulin.

Choice D reason: Lispro acts as an insulin replacement. It is a fast-acting insulin analog that helps control blood sugar levels by mimicking the body's natural insulin, which is essential for the metabolism of glucose.