The cardinal signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease are?

arm and leg weakness, paresthesia, blurred vision, and facial frown.

uncontrollable rapid jerky movements in arms, trunk and facial muscles.

stumbling, backward tilt of the head, quick fluttering hand movements, and quick uncontrolled gait.

hand tremors, bradykinesia, skeletal muscle rigidity, and postural instability.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: This is incorrect. Arm and leg weakness, paresthesia, blurred vision, and facial frown are not specific to Parkinson disease, but may be seen in other neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis or stroke.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect. Uncontrollable rapid jerky movements in arms, trunk and facial muscles are characteristic of Huntington disease, not Parkinson disease. Huntington disease is a genetic disorder that causes progressive degeneration of the nerve cells in the brain.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect. Stumbling, backward tilt of the head, quick fluttering hand movements, and quick uncontrolled gait are signs of cerebellar ataxia, not Parkinson disease. Cerebellar ataxia is a disorder that affects the coordination and balance of the movements, caused by damage to the cerebellum.

Choice D reason: This is correct. Hand tremors, bradykinesia, skeletal muscle rigidity, and postural instability are the cardinal signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease. Parkinson disease is a chronic and progressive disorder that affects the dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, resulting in movement problems.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is not a correct explanation for the large number of leukemic white cells. Leukemic white cells are abnormal white blood cells that do not function properly. They do not attempt to take over the function of the abnormal white blood cells, but rather crowd out the normal ones.

Choice B reason: This is also not a correct explanation for the large number of leukemic white cells. Leukemic white cells do not help to protect against infection, but rather increase the risk of infection. They impair the immune system's ability to fight off bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.

Choice C reason: This is a partially correct explanation for the large number of leukemic white cells. Leukemic white cells are larger in size than normal white blood cells, and they can clog the bone marrow. This can interfere with the production of other blood cells, such as red blood cells and platelets. However, this is not the only reason for the large number of leukemic white cells.

Choice D reason: This is the best explanation for the large number of leukemic white cells. Leukemic white cells are not as effective as normal white cells to protect against infection, because they are immature and dysfunctional. They do not respond to signals from the immune system, and they do not recognize or destroy foreign invaders. They also prevent the normal white cells from doing their job.

A. Diplopia B. Fatigue that worsens with heat C. Muscle weakness, spasticity, tremors D. Orthostatic hypotension E. Numbness and tingling

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Diplopia, or double vision, is a symptom of multiple sclerosis that results from damage to the optic nerve or the brainstem. It can affect one or both eyes, and it can cause difficulty with reading, driving, and other activities that require visual coordination.

Choice B reason: Fatigue that worsens with heat is a symptom of multiple sclerosis that occurs due to the impaired transmission of nerve impulses in the central nervous system. Heat can exacerbate this impairment and make the patient feel more tired, weak, and sluggish.

Choice C reason: Muscle weakness, spasticity, tremors are symptoms of multiple sclerosis that result from damage to the motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord. They can affect the patient's mobility, balance, coordination, and speech.

Choice D reason: Orthostatic hypotension, or a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up, is not a common symptom of multiple sclerosis. It can be caused by other conditions, such as dehydration, anemia, or heart problems.

Choice E reason: Numbness and tingling are symptoms of multiple sclerosis that result from damage to the sensory pathways in the brain and spinal cord. They can affect any part of the body, but they are more common in the limbs, face, and trunk.

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The cardinal signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease are?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) asks the nurse why their bones are making more white blood cells when they already have so many. The nurse clarifies that the large number of leukemic white cells they have:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is providing education to a young female recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Select the common symptoms the nurse should include in the education plan that the patient should report to their health care provider. (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient with a head injury after a fall from a ladder. The nurse must evaluate the patient for which signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure?

The nurse assesses a client with a history of migraine headaches. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse identify as an early sign of a migraine with an aura?

The nurse is caring for a patient with a new traumatic brain injury and completes a neurologic assessment. The magnetic resonance imaging identifies an intracranial epidural hematoma. The nurse would immediately notify the provider of which assessment finding?

The nurse is educating the family about anticipated changes during the late stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) for their father. What teaching point is most important for the nurse to include?

The nurse is caring for a 9-year-old undergoing chemotherapy to treat leukemia. Select the priority nursing goal for the child's plan of care.

An older adult is admitted to the hospital following a closed head injury from a fall that resulted in a 5-minute period of unconsciousness. Which priority nursing assessment indicates neurological deterioration in the patient?

The emergency room nurse notes clear drainage dripping from the nose of a newly admitted patient with a head injury after diving into shallow water. Which initial intervention should the nurse perform?

The nurse is preparing a teaching session about Guillain-Barre syndrome. Which statement should be included in the presentation?