The cardinal signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease are?

arm and leg weakness, paresthesia, blurred vision, and facial frown.

uncontrollable rapid jerky movements in arms, trunk and facial muscles.

stumbling, backward tilt of the head, quick fluttering hand movements, and quick uncontrolled gait.

hand tremors, bradykinesia, skeletal muscle rigidity, and postural instability.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: This is incorrect. Arm and leg weakness, paresthesia, blurred vision, and facial frown are not specific to Parkinson disease, but may be seen in other neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis or stroke.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect. Uncontrollable rapid jerky movements in arms, trunk and facial muscles are characteristic of Huntington disease, not Parkinson disease. Huntington disease is a genetic disorder that causes progressive degeneration of the nerve cells in the brain.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect. Stumbling, backward tilt of the head, quick fluttering hand movements, and quick uncontrolled gait are signs of cerebellar ataxia, not Parkinson disease. Cerebellar ataxia is a disorder that affects the coordination and balance of the movements, caused by damage to the cerebellum.

Choice D reason: This is correct. Hand tremors, bradykinesia, skeletal muscle rigidity, and postural instability are the cardinal signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease. Parkinson disease is a chronic and progressive disorder that affects the dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, resulting in movement problems.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Completing a halo test with the fluid is the initial intervention that the nurse should perform, as it can help to determine if the fluid is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or not. CSF is the fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord, and it can leak from the nose or ears after a head injury. A halo test involves placing a drop of the fluid on a piece of filter paper or gauze and observing the color and shape of the stain. If the fluid is CSF, it will form a yellowish ring around a central blood spot, creating a halo effect.

Choice B reason: Taping a sterile gauze pad under the nose and monitoring the amount of fluid is not the initial intervention that the nurse should perform, as it does not help to identify the type of fluid. It may also increase the risk of infection or pressure on the brain if the fluid is CSF.

Choice C reason: Documenting the presence of rhinorrhea is not the initial intervention that the nurse should perform, as it does not help to diagnose or treat the condition. Rhinorrhea is the medical term for a runny nose, which can have many causes, such as allergies, colds, or sinus infections. It is not a specific sign of a head injury or CSF leakage.

Choice D reason: Informing the physician of the assessment is an important intervention that the nurse should perform, but not the initial one. The nurse should first confirm if the fluid is CSF or not, as this can affect the management and prognosis of the patient. The nurse should then report the findings and the patient's vital signs, neurological status, and other relevant information to the physician.

A. Presence of a synthetic silicone mesh stent in a coronary artery. B. Allergy to shellfish and iodine. C. Contact lenses. D. Presence of an internal insulin pump in the abdomen.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Presence of a synthetic silicone mesh stent in a coronary artery is not a contraindication for MRI. Silicone is a non-magnetic material that does not interfere with the magnetic field or cause any harm to the patient or the device.

Choice B reason: Allergy to shellfish and iodine is not a contraindication for MRI. Shellfish and iodine are not related to the contrast agent used for MRI, which is usually gadolinium. However, the patient should inform the provider if they have any history of allergic reactions to contrast agents or any other medications.

Choice C reason: Contact lenses are not a contraindication for MRI. Contact lenses are made of plastic or silicone, which are non-magnetic materials that do not interfere with the magnetic field or cause any harm to the patient or the device. However, the patient should remove them before the procedure to avoid any discomfort or irritation.

Choice D reason: Presence of an internal insulin pump in the abdomen is a contraindication for MRI. Insulin pumps are electronic devices that contain metal parts, batteries, and wires, which can be affected by the magnetic field and cause malfunction, damage, or injury to the patient or the device. Therefore, the patient should inform the provider and the MRI technician about the insulin pump and follow their instructions on how to manage it before, during, and after the procedure.

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The cardinal signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease are?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The emergency room nurse notes clear drainage dripping from the nose of a newly admitted patient with a head injury after diving into shallow water. Which initial intervention should the nurse perform?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse completes a focused assessment and history of a patient who is scheduled for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Which data shared by the patient would the nurse need to contact the provider?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is evaluating the cranial nerves of a person with Parkinson disease who has difficulty swallowing foods. The nurse asks the patient to stick out their tongue and move it rapidly from side to side. The nurse is assessing which cranial nerve?

A nurse is caring for a client who begins to exhibit seizure activity while in bed. Which of the following actions should the nurse implement to care for the client?

The nurse is caring for a 9-year-old undergoing chemotherapy to treat leukemia. Select the priority nursing goal for the child's plan of care.

The nurse assesses a client with a history of migraine headaches. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse identify as an early sign of a migraine with an aura?

The nurse is caring for a patient with anemia. Their medical history includes diabetes mellitus Type 1, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Which condition most likely contributes to their anemia?

The nurse is explaining early changes with Parkinson disease to the student nurse. Which statement by the nurse is correct regarding the pathophysiology of the disease?

A patient with a severe head injury assumes a posture of flexed arms at the elbows and extended lower legs. The nurse recognizes this posturing as

The nurse is teaching the family about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and progression of the disease. The nurse would include which common late manifestations?