The cardinal signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease are?

arm and leg weakness, paresthesia, blurred vision, and facial frown.

uncontrollable rapid jerky movements in arms, trunk and facial muscles.

stumbling, backward tilt of the head, quick fluttering hand movements, and quick uncontrolled gait.

hand tremors, bradykinesia, skeletal muscle rigidity, and postural instability.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: This is incorrect. Arm and leg weakness, paresthesia, blurred vision, and facial frown are not specific to Parkinson disease, but may be seen in other neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis or stroke.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect. Uncontrollable rapid jerky movements in arms, trunk and facial muscles are characteristic of Huntington disease, not Parkinson disease. Huntington disease is a genetic disorder that causes progressive degeneration of the nerve cells in the brain.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect. Stumbling, backward tilt of the head, quick fluttering hand movements, and quick uncontrolled gait are signs of cerebellar ataxia, not Parkinson disease. Cerebellar ataxia is a disorder that affects the coordination and balance of the movements, caused by damage to the cerebellum.

Choice D reason: This is correct. Hand tremors, bradykinesia, skeletal muscle rigidity, and postural instability are the cardinal signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease. Parkinson disease is a chronic and progressive disorder that affects the dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, resulting in movement problems.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:Swaying during a Romberg test indicates a positive result, suggesting proprioceptive deficits or sensory ataxia.

Choice B reason:Unequal pupil response to light relates to cranial nerve function, not balance assessed by the Romberg test.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect. Patient taking two attempts to touch their nose while their eyes are closed is a mild impairment of coordination, which may be due to neurologic changes or other factors such as fatigue or medication. This is not a significant finding that requires immediate attention.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect. Patient complaining of mild dizziness is a common symptom of neurologic changes or vestibular dysfunction. It is not a serious finding that requires immediate attention. The nurse should monitor the patient and provide comfort measures.

A. The person's cognitive and mental capacity will most likely remain intact throughout the disease progression. B. The person's ability to swallow will remain intact throughout the disease. C. The person's risk for seizures increases with progression of the disease. D. The person's breathing will not be affected by the disease.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: ALS is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the motor neurons, which control the voluntary muscles. It does not affect the cognitive or mental functions, such as memory, reasoning, or emotions. Therefore, the person with ALS will be aware of their condition and their surroundings, even when they lose their ability to move, speak, or breathe.

Choice B reason: ALS affects the muscles of the mouth, throat, and chest, which are involved in swallowing. As the disease progresses, the person with ALS will have difficulty swallowing food, liquids, and saliva. This can lead to malnutrition, dehydration, choking, and aspiration pneumonia.

Choice C reason: ALS does not directly cause seizures, which are abnormal electrical activity in the brain. However, some medications used to treat the symptoms of ALS, such as muscle relaxants, may increase the risk of seizures. Therefore, the person with ALS should be monitored for any signs of seizures, such as loss of consciousness, convulsions, or confusion.

Choice D reason: ALS affects the muscles of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles, which are involved in breathing. As the disease progresses, the person with ALS will have difficulty breathing, especially at night or when lying down. This can lead to respiratory failure, which is the most common cause of death in ALS. Therefore, the person with ALS may need mechanical ventilation or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation to support their breathing.

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The cardinal signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease are?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse completes a Romberg's test on a patient with neurologic changes. The nurse will notify the provider if they observe which response?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is educating the family about anticipated changes during the late stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) for their father. What teaching point is most important for the nurse to include?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse completes a Romberg's test on a patient with neurologic changes. The nurse would notify the provider if they observe which response?

An older adult is admitted to the hospital following a closed head injury from a fall that resulted in a 5-minute period of unconsciousness. Which priority nursing assessment indicates neurological deterioration in the patient?

A family member of a patient diagnosed with a hemorrhagic stroke asks if the patient can receive anticoagulant therapy to improve their outcome. The nurse explains that anticoagulant therapy for the patient

The nurse assesses a patient who potentially may have meningitis. The patient demonstrates a positive Brudzinski's sign with which changes in position.

The nurse is assisting the neurologist with a lumbar puncture on a patient with possible meningitis. Which post-procedure teaching point is the highest priority for the patient?

The nurse is evaluating the cranial nerves of a person with Parkinson disease who has difficulty swallowing foods. The nurse asks the patient to stick out their tongue and move it rapidly from side to side. The nurse is assessing which cranial nerve?

The nurse provides education to a patient diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. The nurse would teach the patient to eat which foods that are high in iron content?

Which early symptoms in a focused assessment by the nurse may indicate the presence of a brain tumor?