The nurse is teaching the family about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and progression of the disease. The nurse would include which common late manifestations?
Generalized muscle weakness and severe muscle spasms.
Mental confusion and aggressive behaviors
Dysarthria and decreased clarity of spoken words
Impairment of respiratory muscles and cognition remains intact.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: This is incorrect. Generalized muscle weakness and severe muscle spasms are not late manifestations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but rather early or intermediate symptoms. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the motor neurons that control voluntary muscles. The disease causes muscle weakness, stiffness, twitching, and cramps.
Choice B reason: This is incorrect. Mental confusion and aggressive behaviors are not common manifestations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but rather signs of dementia or other psychiatric disorders. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis does not usually affect the cognitive or emotional functions of the brain, except in some rare cases.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect. Dysarthria and decreased clarity of spoken words are not late manifestations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but rather intermediate or advanced symptoms. Dysarthria is a speech disorder that results from the weakness or paralysis of the muscles involved in speech production. It causes slurred, slow, or distorted speech.
Choice D reason: This is correct. Impairment of respiratory muscles and cognition remains intact are common late manifestations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. As the disease progresses, the respiratory muscles become weak and unable to support breathing. This can lead to respiratory failure and death. However, the cognition of the patient usually remains intact until the end, as the disease does not affect the higher functions of the brain.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Flexion of the hip causing resistance to extension of the leg is not a sign of meningitis. It is a sign of hip joint inflammation or injury.
Choice B reason: Flexion of the neck causing flexion of the hips and knees is a positive Brudzinski's sign. It indicates irritation of the meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.
Choice C reason: Flexion of the ankle causing upward fanning of the toes is not a sign of meningitis. It is a sign of an upper motor neuron lesion, such as a stroke or spinal cord injury.
Choice D reason: Flexion of the neck causing pain and spasm in the leg muscles is not a sign of meningitis. It is a sign of muscle strain or nerve compression.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Evening is not the best time to visit the patient with myasthenia gravis to help with bathing and exercising. Myasthenia gravis is a condition that causes muscle weakness and fatigue, which worsens as the day progresses. Therefore, the patient may have more difficulty performing these activities in the evening.
Choice B reason: Mid-afternoon is not the best time to visit the patient with myasthenia gravis to help with bathing and exercising. Myasthenia gravis causes muscle weakness and fatigue, which may be aggravated by the heat and humidity of the afternoon. Therefore, the patient may have more difficulty performing these activities in the mid-afternoon.
Choice C reason: Morning is the best time to visit the patient with myasthenia gravis to help with bathing and exercising. Myasthenia gravis causes muscle weakness and fatigue, which are less severe in the morning after a night of rest. Therefore, the patient may have more strength and energy to perform these activities in the morning.
Choice D reason: Before bedtime is not the best time to visit the patient with myasthenia gravis to help with bathing and exercising. Myasthenia gravis causes muscle weakness and fatigue, which are most severe at the end of the day. Therefore, the patient may have more difficulty performing these activities before bedtime.
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