The caregiver whose newborn was newly diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) has questions about the disorder. Which statement made by the nurse is correct regarding PKU?

"A urine test can check the necessary lab values."

"Severe cognitive deficits can result with untreated PKU."

"The urine has a high concentration of phenyl pyruvic acid."

"The effects of PKU are reversible."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. PKU is typically diagnosed through a blood test, not a urine test. The blood test measures phenylalanine levels, which are elevated in PKU.

B. Untreated PKU can lead to severe cognitive deficits and developmental delays due to the accumulation of phenylalanine, which is toxic to the brain. Early detection and treatment can prevent these outcomes.

C. In PKU, the urine does not typically contain high levels of phenyl pyruvic acid; it is the blood levels of phenylalanine that are elevated.

D. The effects of PKU are not reversible; however, with early and consistent treatment, such as a strict low-phenylalanine diet, the symptoms can be managed effectively.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Tea-colored urine is more typical of glomerulonephritis rather than nephrotic syndrome.

B. A recent streptococcus infection is commonly associated with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, not nephrotic syndrome.

C. Polyuria is not a common feature of nephrotic syndrome; rather, oliguria (decreased urine output) may occur.

D. Periorbital edema is a hallmark sign of nephrotic syndrome, resulting from significant protein loss in the urine, leading to hypoalbuminemia and fluid retention.

A. Testing the urine for glucose levels regularly B. Weighing on the same scale each day C. Increasing oral fluid intake D. Following a low-potassium diet while on furosemide therapy

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Regular testing of urine for glucose is not specific to nephrotic syndrome and is more relevant for managing diabetes.

B. Weighing the child on the same scale each day is essential for monitoring fluid status and detecting early signs of fluid retention or loss, which are critical in managing nephrotic syndrome.

C. Increasing oral fluid intake may not be recommended due to the risk of fluid retention and edema, which are common in nephrotic syndrome.

D. While monitoring potassium levels is necessary when on diuretics like furosemide, a low-potassium diet is not routinely required unless hyperkalemia is present.

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The caregiver whose newborn was newly diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) has questions about the disorder. Which statement made by the nurse is correct regarding PKU?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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