The caregiver whose newborn was newly diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) has questions about the disorder. Which statement made by the nurse is correct regarding PKU?

"A urine test can check the necessary lab values."

"Severe cognitive deficits can result with untreated PKU."

"The urine has a high concentration of phenyl pyruvic acid."

"The effects of PKU are reversible."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. PKU is typically diagnosed through a blood test, not a urine test. The blood test measures phenylalanine levels, which are elevated in PKU.

B. Untreated PKU can lead to severe cognitive deficits and developmental delays due to the accumulation of phenylalanine, which is toxic to the brain. Early detection and treatment can prevent these outcomes.

C. In PKU, the urine does not typically contain high levels of phenyl pyruvic acid; it is the blood levels of phenylalanine that are elevated.

D. The effects of PKU are not reversible; however, with early and consistent treatment, such as a strict low-phenylalanine diet, the symptoms can be managed effectively.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Lethargy is an early sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) due to possible shunt malfunction and requires immediate medical attention.

B. Seizure activity can be a late sign of shunt malfunction and is also concerning but lethargy typically appears earlier.

C. Rapid weight gain is less directly related to shunt malfunction and more associated with conditions like hypothyroidism or edema.

D. Disinterest in school could suggest general malaise but is not a specific or early sign of shunt malfunction.

A. Give the child acetaminophen for discomfort. B. Encourage the child to be on bed rest for one week following the procedure. C. Advance to a full diet after 24 hours. D. Assist the child to take a tub bath for the first 3 days.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Acetaminophen can be used to manage mild discomfort after cardiac catheterization. It is a safe option for pain relief and is commonly recommended for children following the procedure.

B. Bed rest is typically recommended for a shorter duration, often 24 hours, not a full week. Extended bed rest is not usually required unless complications occur.

C. The diet should be advanced as tolerated, but there is no specific requirement to wait 24 hours; this will depend on the child’s recovery and tolerance.

D. Bathing recommendations often include avoiding submerging the site in water, so a tub bath may not be advised for the first few days to prevent infection. Sponge baths might be recommended instead.

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The caregiver whose newborn was newly diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) has questions about the disorder. Which statement made by the nurse is correct regarding PKU?

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