The client’s chest x-ray shows lung hyperinflation and left upper lobe pneumonia. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Tuberculosis

Bronchitis

Pneumonia

Asthma

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale

Tuberculosis is a serious infectious disease that affects the lungs. However, it does not typically cause lung hyperinflation.

Choice B rationale

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes. While it can cause symptoms similar to those described, it does not typically cause lung hyperinflation or localized pneumonia in the left upper lobe.

Choice C rationale

Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The client’s symptoms of a productive cough with thick yellow sputum, crackles in the left upper lobe, and decreased breath sounds at bases bilaterally are consistent with pneumonia. The chest x-ray showing left upper lobe pneumonia confirms this diagnosis.

Choice D rationale

Asthma is a condition in which a person’s airways become inflamed, narrow and swell, and produce extra mucus, which makes it difficult to breathe. While asthma can cause lung hyperinflation, it does not typically cause localized pneumonia in the left upper lobe.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Carrying a patient’s soiled linens out of the room in a mesh linen bag is not the most effective way to prevent the spread of infection. While it’s important to handle soiled linens properly to avoid contaminating oneself or the environment, this action alone does not have a significant impact on preventing the spread of infection among a group of patients.

Choice B rationale

Placing a patient who has tuberculosis in a room with negative-pressure airflow is a key measure in preventing the spread of this airborne infection. Negative-pressure rooms prevent

contaminated air from escaping the room and spreading to other areas, thereby protecting other patients and healthcare workers.

Choice C rationale

Providing disposable plates and utensils for a patient who is HIV-positive is not necessary for preventing the spread of infection. HIV is not transmitted through casual contact or through sharing food or utensils.

Choice D rationale

Disposing of a patient’s blood-saturated dressing in a trash bag inside a second trash bag is a good practice for handling biohazardous waste, but it is not the most effective measure for preventing the spread of infection among a group of patients.

A. “We would give you oxygen through a tube in your nose.”. B. “You would be unable to change your previous wishes about your care.”. C. “We would insert a breathing tube while we evaluate your condition.”. D. “We would consult the person appointed by your health care proxy to make decisions.”. .

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

If a patient with a living will arrived at the emergency department with difficulty breathing, the healthcare team would provide immediate care to ease the patient’s distress, such as administering oxygen.

Choice B rationale

While a living will outlines a patient’s wishes for end-of-life care, it does not prevent the patient from receiving immediate, necessary care in an emergency situation.

Choice C rationale

Inserting a breathing tube may be necessary in some cases, but it would not be the first step in managing difficulty breathing.

Choice D rationale

While the healthcare team would consult the person appointed by the patient’s healthcare proxy to make decisions, immediate care would not be delayed.

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The client’s chest x-ray shows lung hyperinflation and left upper lobe pneumonia. What is the most likely diagnosis?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a group of patients.Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent the spread of infection?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is educating a terminally ill patient about declining resuscitation in a living will.The patient asks, “What would happen if I arrived at the emergency department and I had difficulty breathing?” Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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