The community health nurse believes that immunization rates in a lower-socioeconomic section of the city are probably below the target set by the state health department. Which action should the nurse take first to intervene with this health problem?

Review current epidemiological population data that might document a low immunization rate.

Call a meeting of citizens to inform them of the importance of having their children immunized.

Join a political action group that focuses attention on the issue in the local news media.

Partner with a local children's hospital in setting up free "shot" clinics in the neighborhood.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Review current epidemiological population data that might document a low immunization rate:
The first step in addressing low immunization rates is to gather and review current epidemiological data to confirm the extent of the problem. This data will provide a clear picture of the immunization rates in the area and help identify the specific gaps that need to be addressed. Accurate data is essential for designing targeted interventions and measuring their effectiveness.

B) Call a meeting of citizens to inform them of the importance of having their children immunized:
Informing the community about the importance of immunizations is a crucial step, but it should follow an assessment of the current immunization rates. Without data, it is difficult to know the exact need or how to effectively tailor the education to the community’s specific situation.

C) Join a political action group that focuses attention on the issue in the local news media:
While raising awareness through media and political action can be effective, it is more important to first understand the specific problem through data. The approach to media and political action can be informed and refined based on the findings from the epidemiological data review.

D) Partner with a local children's hospital in setting up free "shot" clinics in the neighborhood:
Setting up free clinics can be a valuable intervention, but before implementing such a program, it is essential to understand the scope of the problem through data review. This ensures that resources are allocated effectively and that the clinics are set up in the areas with the greatest need.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Refer to healthcare provider for complete evaluation:
The symptoms described—pale, bluish feet, and sores with poor healing—are indicative of possible peripheral vascular disease, circulatory issues, or other serious conditions that require a thorough medical evaluation. Referring the client to a healthcare provider ensures that a comprehensive assessment can be performed to diagnose the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

B) Send client to the emergency department for treatment:
While the symptoms are concerning, they do not necessarily indicate an immediate emergency requiring urgent care. Referral to a healthcare provider for a complete evaluation is generally more appropriate unless the client exhibits signs of a life-threatening condition or severe infection.

C) Instruct client to apply antibiotic ointment to sores:
Applying antibiotic ointment might help with wound care but does not address the underlying issue that is causing the poor wound healing and the bluish discoloration. Without a complete evaluation, it's uncertain whether antibiotic ointment alone will be sufficient or appropriate.

D) Create a list of foods that promote wound healing:
Although nutrition is important for wound healing, addressing the underlying health issues affecting the client's circulation and skin integrity is more critical. A healthcare provider can offer comprehensive treatment that includes managing the client’s overall health condition, which may involve more than just dietary changes.

A. 3/1,000. B. 30/1,000. C. 1.7/1,000. D. 15/1,000.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) 3/1,000:
To calculate the rate per 1,000, you divide the number of new positive tests by the total number of students tested, then multiply by 1,000. For 15 new positive tests among 500 students, the rate is (15/500) * 1,000 = 30/1,000. Thus, 3/1,000 is incorrect.

B) 30/1,000:
The correct calculation for the rate per 1,000 is determined by dividing the number of new positive tests (15) by the total number of students tested (500) and then multiplying by 1,000. Therefore, (15/500) * 1,000 = 30/1,000. This rate accurately reflects the proportion of students with positive tests per 1,000.

C) 1.7/1,000:
The rate of 1.7/1,000 would result from incorrect calculations. Using the correct formula, the rate per 1,000 should be 30/1,000.

D) 15/1,000:
The rate of 15/1,000 suggests that there are 15 positive tests per 1,000 students, which does not reflect the actual number of new positive tests (15) among 500 students. The correct rate calculation yields 30/1,000, not 15/1,000.

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The community health nurse believes that immunization rates in a lower-socioeconomic section of the city are probably below the target set by the state health department. Which action should the nurse take first to intervene with this health problem?

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