The definition of brain death that is currently recognized by most physicians includes cessation of
higher and lower brain functions.
the heartbeat.
the higher cortical functions of the brain.
lower brainstem functions.
The Correct Answer is A
A. higher and lower brain functions: Brain death is defined as the irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including higher cortical activity and brainstem (lower) functions; this “whole-brain” criterion is what most physicians use.
B. the heartbeat: Loss of the heartbeat is circulatory or cardiac death; with mechanical ventilation and support the heart can continue beating even when the brain has irreversibly ceased functioning, so this is not the defining feature of brain death.
C. the higher cortical functions of the brain: Loss of cortical function alone (e.g., no consciousness) may produce a persistent vegetative state, but brainstem functions can remain; that situation is not equivalent to whole-brain death.
D. lower brainstem functions: Loss of brainstem function (respiratory drive, brainstem reflexes) is critical and may define brainstem death in some places, but the widely used medical definition is cessation of all brain functions (both cortical and brainstem), so lower-brainstem cessation alone doesn’t capture the full standard.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. nucleus: The nucleus is a cell structure that houses genetic material but is not itself a molecule; it contains chromosomes made of DNA.
B. genotype: Genotype refers to an individual’s genetic makeup (the set of genes), not a physical molecule.
C. DNA: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the double-helix molecule that carries genetic information.
D. chromosome: A chromosome is a packaged structure of DNA and proteins (histones); it contains DNA but is not the name of the double-helix molecule itself.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. identity moratorium: Moratorium describes individuals in active crisis/exploration but without a firm commitment; therefore it does not match “commitment but no crisis.”
B. identity foreclosure: Foreclosure describes making a commitment without having undergone a crisis or exploration (often adopting others’ expectations); this matches “made a commitment but not experienced a crisis.”
C. identity achievement: Achievement is the status after undergoing a crisis/exploration and then making a commitment, so it requires a prior crisis.
D. identity diffusion: Diffusion describes lack of both exploration (crisis) and commitment, the opposite of the status described.
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