The drug URECHOLINE for the management of urinary retention belongs to what class of drugs?
Adrenergic.
Anticholinergic.
Cholinergic.
Adrenergic Blocker.
The Correct Answer is C
Urecholine is the brand name of bethanechol, a drug that belongs to the class of cholinergics, genitourinary.
Choice A is wrong because adrenergic drugs are those that activate the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the fight-or-flight response. Adrenergic drugs can cause relaxation of the bladder and urinary retention, not contraction and emptying.
Choice B is wrong because anticholinergic drugs are those that block the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that mediates the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the rest-and-digest response. Anticholinergic drugs can also cause relaxation of the bladder and urinary retention, not contraction and emptying.
Choice D is wrong because adrenergic blockers are those that inhibit the action of adrenergic receptors, which are activated by adrenergic drugs or by the natural neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine. Adrenergic blockers can have various effects on the bladder depending on the type and location of the receptors they block, but they are not used to treat urinary retention.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Taking niacin with an NSAID such as ibuprofen can reduce flushing, the most common adverse effect of niacin therapy. Flushing is a side effect of taking large doses of niacin (vitamin B3) supplements.It happens when the niacin causes the small blood vessels in your skin to dilate so more blood can rush through.Flushing can cause skin redness, warmth, itching, tingling, or burning sensations.
Choice A is wrong because taking niacin before starting daily activities can increase the risk of flushing and interfere with your routine.Flushing usually occurs within 15 to 30 minutes of taking niacin and lasts for about an hour.
Choice B is wrong because taking niacin with a sedative can increase the risk of liver damage, especially if the sedative is acetaminophen (Tylenol).Niacin can also cause liver problems at high doses, so combining it with another liver-toxic drug is not advisable.
Choice C is wrong because taking niacin with grapefruit juice can increase the risk of side effects, such as low blood pressure, dizziness, or fainting.Grapefruit juice can interfere with the metabolism of some drugs, including niacin, and make them more potent or toxic.
Normal ranges for niacin intake vary depending on age and gender.The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for adult males is 16 mg per day and for adult females is 14 mg per day.Higher doses of niacin may be prescribed by a doctor to treat high cholesterol or other conditions, but they should be taken under medical supervision and with caution.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
HDL stands for high-density lipoprotein, which is a type of cholesterol that carries excess cholesterol from other parts of the body back to the liver, where it can be removed.HDL cholesterol is often called the “good” cholesterol because it helps protect against heart disease by lowering the amount of plaque buildup in the arteries.Increasing HDL cholesterol levels can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients.
Choice A is wrong because increasing LDL cholesterol levels would have the opposite effect.
LDL stands for low-density lipoprotein, which is a type of cholesterol that carries cholesterol from the liver to other parts of the body, where it can accumulate in the walls of the arteries and form plaque.
LDL cholesterol is often called the “bad” cholesterol because it increases the risk of heart disease by narrowing and hardening the arteries.Decreasing LDL cholesterol levels can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients.
Choice C is wrong because increasing triglyceride levels would also increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Triglycerides are a type of fat (lipid) that circulates in the blood and provides energy for the body.
However, when triglycerides are too high, they can contribute to plaque formation in the arteries and inflammation of the pancreas.
High triglycerides are often associated with obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and low thyroid levels.Lowering triglyceride levels can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients.
Choice D is wrong because increasing intake of saturated fats would also increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Saturated fats are a type of fat that are solid at room temperature and are found mostly in animal products, such as meat, butter, cheese, and cream.
Saturated fats can raise both LDL and HDL cholesterol levels, but they also increase inflammation and oxidative stress in the body, which can damage the blood vessels and increase the risk of heart disease.Reducing intake of saturated fats and replacing them with unsaturated fats, such as olive oil, nuts, seeds, and fish, can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients.
The normal ranges for blood lipid levels are as follows:
• Total cholesterol: less than 200 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L)
• LDL cholesterol: less than 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L)
• HDL cholesterol: 40 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L) or higher for men; 50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) or higher for women
• Triglycerides: less than 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L)
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