The family has just been informed by the healthcare provider that their newborn is diagnosed with a congenital heart defect, Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The family tells the nurse that the healthcare provider told them that TOF is comprised of several defects, and they ask the nurse what the defects are. What will the nurse tell the family? Select all that apply.
Pulmonary stenosis
Overriding aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Coarctation of the aorta
Ventral septal defect
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E
A. Pulmonary stenosis is one of the characteristic features of TOF, causing obstruction to blood flow to the lungs.
B. Overriding aorta is a defining feature of TOF, where the aorta is positioned over the ventricular septal defect, leading to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
C. Right ventricular hypertrophy occurs in TOF due to increased workload on the right ventricle caused by pulmonary stenosis.
D. Coarctation of the aorta is not part of Tetralogy of Fallot; it is a separate congenital defect.
E. A ventricular septal defect is the hole between the ventricles in TOF, leading to the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
2100: Child brought into the emergency department by their guardians. The child has Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and is currently in the induction phase of treatment for standard risk. The child received chemotherapy with vincristine 8 days ago and is taking daily oral steroids. Child is alert, crying, and clinging to guardian. Guardians report the child has not had a bowel movement for 5 days.
2100:
Pulse 120/min
Respiratory rate 25/min
Temperature 38.8° C (101.9° F) tympanic
SaO2 96% on room air
2120: Child now asleep in guardian's arms. Respirations unlabored, heart rate regular. Child has a double-lumen central line catheter in the left chest wall. Insertion site is erythematous with a scant amount of purulent drainage.
Rationale:
Temperature of 38.8°C (101.9°F) tympanic: Fever in a child with leukemia is concerning as it may indicate an infection, especially since the child is immunocompromised due to chemotherapy. This needs immediate follow-up and potentially blood cultures to determine the source of infection.
Erythema and purulent drainage at central line insertion site: Purulent drainage and erythema at the central line insertion site suggest a possible infection, such as a catheter-associated bloodstream infection. This requires prompt follow-up, possibly including antibiotic therapy and further investigations to prevent sepsis.
Child has not had a bowel movement for 5 days: Constipation is a common side effect of chemotherapy and oral steroids, but a delay in bowel movements could indicate bowel obstruction or other gastrointestinal issues. This needs to be addressed, and the child may require laxatives or further investigation.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Bananas are a safe food choice for a 2-year-old, as they are soft and easy to chew, reducing the risk of choking.
B. Grapes should be cut into smaller pieces to prevent choking, as they are a common choking hazard for young children.
C. Celery can be difficult for a toddler to chew and may pose a choking risk, especially if not cut properly.
D. Raw carrots are hard and may pose a choking risk, especially if not cut into small, manageable pieces.
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