The family has just been informed by the healthcare provider that their newborn is diagnosed with a congenital heart defect, Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The family tells the nurse that the healthcare provider told them that TOF is comprised of several defects, and they ask the nurse what the defects are. What will the nurse tell the family? Select all that apply.

Pulmonary stenosis

Overriding aorta

Right ventricular hypertrophy

Coarctation of the aorta

Ventral septal defect

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,E

A. Pulmonary stenosis is one of the characteristic features of TOF, causing obstruction to blood flow to the lungs.
B. Overriding aorta is a defining feature of TOF, where the aorta is positioned over the ventricular septal defect, leading to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
C. Right ventricular hypertrophy occurs in TOF due to increased workload on the right ventricle caused by pulmonary stenosis.
D. Coarctation of the aorta is not part of Tetralogy of Fallot; it is a separate congenital defect.
E. A ventricular septal defect is the hole between the ventricles in TOF, leading to the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Constipation is not typically associated with sickle cell crisis. While it can occur due to medications or dehydration, it is not a primary symptom of a crisis.

B. Bradycardia is not a typical manifestation of sickle cell crisis. The patient might experience tachycardia due to pain or dehydration.

C. Pain is the hallmark symptom of a sickle cell crisis. The sickle-shaped red blood cells obstruct blood flow, leading to ischemia and severe pain, often in the joints or abdomen.

D. Fever can occur if there is an infection, but pain is the most characteristic finding in a sickle cell crisis.

A. Pulmonary atresia B. Tetralogy of Fallot C. Ventricular septal defect D. Coarctation of the aorta

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Pulmonary atresia involves a blockage of blood flow to the lungs, but it does not specifically lead to differences in blood pressure in the extremities.

B. Tetralogy of Fallot involves four defects, but it does not directly correlate with differences in blood pressure between the extremities.

C. A ventricular septal defect can cause heart failure, but it typically doesn’t affect blood pressure in the extremities.

D. Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital defect where the aorta is narrowed, leading to higher blood pressure in the upper extremities and lower blood pressure in the lower extremities. This is why blood pressures are measured in all four extremities to identify this condition.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A pediatric client in sickle cell crisis comes to the hospital with his mother. When assessing the client, the nurse should expect to find which of the following manifestations?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a newly-admitted infant diagnosed with "failure to thrive." The nurse begins to implement the healthcare provider prescribed orders by taking blood pressures in all four extremities. Which congenital cardiac defect does the nurse anticipate based on the prescribed order?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which intervention would the nurse include when providing atraumatic care?

A nurse is caring for an infant who has inadequate motility of part of the intestine resulting in a mechanical obstruction. The nurse should identify this finding as a manifestation of which of the following disorders?

A nurse is caring for an adolescent who has spina bifida and is paralyzed from the waist down. Which of the following statements by the client should indicate to the nurse a need for further teaching?

A nurse is receiving change of shift report on four children. Which of the following children should the nurse assess first?

A nurse is providing discharge teaching about nutrition to the parents of a child who has cystic fibrosis (CF). Which of the following responses by the parents indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A hospice nurse is caring for a preschooler who has a terminal illness. The father tells the nurse that he cannot cope anymore and had decided to move out of the house. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

A nurse assessing a 3-year toddler at a well-child visit. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse report to the provider?