The family has just been informed by the healthcare provider that their newborn is diagnosed with a congenital heart defect, Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The family tells the nurse that the healthcare provider told them that TOF is comprised of several defects, and they ask the nurse what the defects are. What will the nurse tell the family? Select all that apply.
Pulmonary stenosis
Overriding aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Coarctation of the aorta
Ventral septal defect
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E
A. Pulmonary stenosis is one of the characteristic features of TOF, causing obstruction to blood flow to the lungs.
B. Overriding aorta is a defining feature of TOF, where the aorta is positioned over the ventricular septal defect, leading to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
C. Right ventricular hypertrophy occurs in TOF due to increased workload on the right ventricle caused by pulmonary stenosis.
D. Coarctation of the aorta is not part of Tetralogy of Fallot; it is a separate congenital defect.
E. A ventricular septal defect is the hole between the ventricles in TOF, leading to the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. By 9 months, infants should be able to sit steadily without support. If the infant is not able to do this by 10 months, it could indicate developmental delay and should be reported to the provider.
B. Playing peek-a-boo typically develops between 6-8 months, and while it may be expected by 10 months, not playing this game alone may not be an immediate concern.
C. Imitating animal sounds is generally a skill that develops closer to 12-15 months, so the infant not being able to do this at 10 months is not concerning.
D. Turning pages in a book is generally a skill developed around 12 months, so the inability to do this at 10 months is not unusual.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Concrete thinking occurs during the concrete operational stage (7-11 years old), where children focus on tangible, real-world situations.
B. Egocentric thinking is characteristic of the preoperational stage (2-7 years old) and is when children have difficulty understanding others’ perspectives.
C. Abstract thinking occurs during adolescence and allows individuals to think hypothetically, reason logically, and understand complex concepts that are not tied to concrete experiences.
D. Preoperational thinking occurs in early childhood (2-7 years old), which is characterized by limited logic and the inability to think abstractly.
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