The family has just been informed by the healthcare provider that their newborn is diagnosed with a congenital heart defect, Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The family tells the nurse that the healthcare provider told them that TOF is comprised of several defects, and they ask the nurse what the defects are. What will the nurse tell the family? Select all that apply.
Pulmonary stenosis
Overriding aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Coarctation of the aorta
Ventral septal defect
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E
A. Pulmonary stenosis is one of the characteristic features of TOF, causing obstruction to blood flow to the lungs.
B. Overriding aorta is a defining feature of TOF, where the aorta is positioned over the ventricular septal defect, leading to mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
C. Right ventricular hypertrophy occurs in TOF due to increased workload on the right ventricle caused by pulmonary stenosis.
D. Coarctation of the aorta is not part of Tetralogy of Fallot; it is a separate congenital defect.
E. A ventricular septal defect is the hole between the ventricles in TOF, leading to the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Oxygen saturation levels typically decrease, not elevate, in cystic fibrosis due to scarring and impairment of lung function, leading to difficulty with gas exchange.
B. Cystic fibrosis primarily affects the lungs and digestive system but does not directly impact blood glucose levels unless diabetes develops as a complication.
C. Cystic fibrosis affects mucus production in the lungs, but potassium levels are not typically affected in the way described. Potassium imbalance would be more related to renal function or other factors.
D. Cystic fibrosis affects the movement of sodium and water across cell membranes, leading to thickened mucus and an increased risk of electrolyte imbalances, such as low sodium levels (hyponatremia).
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The CRIES scale is used for neonates and infants, not toddlers.
B. The FACES pain rating scale is appropriate for children aged 3 years and older, allowing them to express their pain visually through faces showing different expressions.
C. The Noncommunicating children's pain checklist is used for older children with communication impairments.
D. The Numeric pain rating scale is more suitable for older children and adults who can understand and use numbers to rate pain.
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