The nurse is teaching a client about diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which of the following types of diabetes does the client most likely have?

Gestational diabetes

Secondary diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and typically resolves after delivery. It does not typically lead to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), though women with gestational diabetes are at higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
B. Secondary diabetes results from another condition (such as a hormonal disorder or medication use) and is less commonly associated with DKA.
C. While DKA can occur in type 2 diabetes, it is much more common in type 1 diabetes, especially in cases of severe insulin deficiency or missed insulin doses.
D. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is most commonly associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus. It occurs due to a severe lack of insulin, which leads to hyperglycemia, dehydration, and the production of ketones. DKA is a life-threatening complication often seen in newly diagnosed individuals or those with poor diabetes management.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Rubbing the injection site after insulin administration is not recommended, as it can increase the risk of bruising or irritation. Insulin should be injected into the subcutaneous tissue, and massaging or rubbing the site can cause the insulin to be absorbed too quickly, leading to unpredictable blood sugar levels.
B. Injecting the needle at a 90-degree angle is the correct technique for subcutaneous insulin injection, especially when using shorter needles. A 90-degree angle ensures the insulin is delivered into the subcutaneous tissue.
C. Grasping the skin helps to ensure that the insulin is injected into the subcutaneous layer and not into the muscle, which can affect absorption.
D. Rotating injection sites is important to prevent tissue damage or lipodystrophy (thickening or atrophy of the skin). Following a pattern helps ensure that insulin is injected into different areas for consistent absorption.

A. Heart disease B. Chronic lung disorders C. Neurological disorders D. Renal disease

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Hypothyroidism increases the risk for heart disease. The low thyroid hormone levels can lead to higher levels of cholesterol (especially LDL cholesterol) and increased blood pressure, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Additionally, hypothyroidism can slow down heart rate and decrease the heart's pumping efficiency, further contributing to heart problems.
B. Hypothyroidism does not directly increase the risk of chronic lung disorders. While it can cause respiratory issues such as shortness of breath or decreased exercise tolerance, it is not specifically linked to lung diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
C. While hypothyroidism can cause symptoms such as cognitive impairment, depression, and slowing of neurological functions, it does not directly increase the risk of other neurological disorders.
D. While hypothyroidism can contribute to some kidney dysfunction (like mild hyponatremia), it is not a direct risk factor for renal disease. However, untreated hypothyroidism could lead to worsening kidney function over time.

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The nurse is teaching a client about diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which of the following types of diabetes does the client most likely have?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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