The LPN/LVN is aware that the bioavailability of a drug is based on multiple factors. Which factor(s) would be included? Select all that apply.
molecular weight
fat or liquid solubility
depth of breathing
development of a fever
presence of food
Correct Answer : A,B,E
A. Molecular weight: Drugs with lower molecular weight tend to have higher bioavailability because they can more easily pass through biological membranes.
B. Fat or liquid solubility: Drugs that are fat-soluble can cross cell membranes more easily, affecting their bioavailability. Water-soluble drugs may require transport mechanisms, which can limit absorption.
C. Depth of breathing: The depth of breathing primarily affects the absorption of inhaled drugs, not the general bioavailability of orally or intravenously administered medications.
D. Development of a fever: While fever can affect drug metabolism, it doesn’t directly influence the bioavailability of a drug.
E. Presence of food: Food in the stomach can either enhance or inhibit drug absorption, depending on the drug’s characteristics. This directly impacts bioavailability.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Distribution: Distribution refers to the process of a drug moving through the bloodstream to various tissues in the body, not leaving the body.
B. Absorption: Absorption is the process by which a drug enters the bloodstream from the site of administration. It is not related to the drug leaving the body.
C. Metabolism: Metabolism is the process by which the body breaks down a drug, typically in the liver, before it is excreted.
D. Excretion: Excretion is the correct term. It refers to the process by which drugs and their metabolites are eliminated from the body, primarily through the kidneys (urine) or the gastrointestinal tract (feces).
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Age: Age affects drug metabolism and excretion. Older adults often have slower metabolism and impaired organ function, which can prolong the drug cycle.
B. Whether the drug is a brand or generic drug: The brand or generic status of a drug does not typically influence the drug cycle. The active ingredients are the same, so the cycle duration remains unaffected.
C. Route of administration: The route of administration significantly influences the onset, intensity, and duration of a drug's action. For example, intravenous drugs act faster than oral drugs.
D. Overall health of the patient's organs: The health of organs like the liver and kidneys is crucial because these organs are involved in the metabolism and excretion of drugs. Compromised organ function can lead to a prolonged drug cycle.
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