The LPN/LVN is reinforcing education with an elderly patient diagnosed with diabetes and hypertension. Which topics would be vital for the nurse to emphasize? Select all that apply.

Monitor blood glucose levels.

Lifestyle modifications and medication adherence will not prevent blindness,

Lifestyle modifications can prevent strokes.

End organ damage is inevitable because of microvascular changes that occur.

Take medications as ordered.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,E

A. Monitor blood glucose levels: Patients with diabetes need to keep their blood glucose levels under control to prevent complications, including those that can exacerbate hypertension or lead to cardiovascular problems.
B. Lifestyle modifications and medication adherence will not prevent blindness: This is incorrect. Proper management of diabetes through lifestyle changes and medication adherence can help prevent complications like diabetic retinopathy, which can lead to blindness.
C. Lifestyle modifications can prevent strokes: Effective management of diabetes and hypertension through lifestyle changes (diet, exercise, smoking cessation) can significantly reduce the risk of strokes and other cardiovascular events.
D. End organ damage is inevitable because of microvascular changes that occur: This is misleading. While microvascular changes are a risk in diabetes, proper management and lifestyle modifications can greatly reduce the risk and progression of end-organ damage.
E. Take medications as ordered: Adherence to prescribed medications is crucial for controlling both blood glucose and blood pressure, reducing the risk of complications such as stroke, heart disease, and kidney damage.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Calcium 9.4 mg/dL: This is within the normal range for calcium (8.5-10.2 mg/dL), so it is not a concern.
B. Sodium 140 mEq/L: This value is within the normal range for sodium (135-145 mEq/L), so it is not a concern.
C. Potassium 2.5 mEq/L: This is below the normal range for potassium (3.5-5.0 mEq/L) and indicates hypokalemia, which is a common side effect of furosemide, a diuretic. Hypokalemia can cause serious cardiac issues and requires prompt attention.
D. Magnesium 1.9 mEq/L: This is within the normal range for magnesium (1.5-2.5 mEq/L), so it is not a concern.

A. "It is caused by a tumor of the adrenal gland." B. The cause can be identified with magnetic resonance imaging." C. "The cause is unknown." D. "There are no tests to identify the cause." E. "An arteriogram will show why hypertension is occurring."

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

A. "It is caused by a tumor of the adrenal gland.": This statement is incorrect as a tumor of the adrenal gland (like a pheochromocytoma) would cause secondary hypertension, not primary hypertension, which has no identifiable cause.
B. "The cause can be identified with magnetic resonance imaging.": Primary hypertension does not have a specific identifiable cause, and imaging like MRI cannot pinpoint a cause for it. This statement indicates a misunderstanding.
C. "The cause is unknown.": This statement is correct for primary hypertension, as it is characterized by having no identifiable underlying cause.
D. "There are no tests to identify the cause.": This is correct for primary hypertension since it has no specific identifiable cause. The diagnosis is based on excluding other potential causes of secondary hypertension.
E. "An arteriogram will show why hypertension is occurring.": An arteriogram might identify blockages or other issues in the arteries, but it will not show the cause of primary hypertension. This indicates a need for further teaching.

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The LPN/LVN is reinforcing education with an elderly patient diagnosed with diabetes and hypertension. Which topics would be vital for the nurse to emphasize? Select all that apply.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is reviewing lab values for a patient taking furosemide. Which of these lab values would concern the nurse?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse provides teaching for a newly diagnosed patient with primary hypertension. Which of the following patient statements about the cause of primary hypertension would indicate the need for further teaching? Select all that apply

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

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