The LPN/LVP is discussing types of hypertension with a patient. Which statement by the patient would reflect understanding of secondary hypertension?

"Permanent structural changes in my kidneys and eyes have already occurred."

"My blood pressure can return to normal with treatment of my kidney disease."

"I don't know the cause of my hypertension."

"My essential hypertension must be treated with medications."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. "Permanent structural changes in my kidneys and eyes have already occurred.": This statement is more indicative of the complications of chronic, uncontrolled hypertension, whether primary or secondary. It does not reflect understanding that secondary hypertension is due to a specific, often treatable cause.
B. "My blood pressure can return to normal with treatment of my kidney disease.": This statement correctly reflects an understanding of secondary hypertension, which is caused by an underlying condition (like kidney disease). Treating the underlying condition can potentially normalize blood pressure.
C. "I don't know the cause of my hypertension.": This statement reflects primary (essential) hypertension, where the cause is generally unknown.
D. "My essential hypertension must be treated with medications.": This statement describes essential hypertension, not secondary. Essential hypertension typically requires lifelong medication management.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Calcium 9.4 mg/dL: This is within the normal range for calcium (8.5-10.2 mg/dL), so it is not a concern.
B. Sodium 140 mEq/L: This value is within the normal range for sodium (135-145 mEq/L), so it is not a concern.
C. Potassium 2.5 mEq/L: This is below the normal range for potassium (3.5-5.0 mEq/L) and indicates hypokalemia, which is a common side effect of furosemide, a diuretic. Hypokalemia can cause serious cardiac issues and requires prompt attention.
D. Magnesium 1.9 mEq/L: This is within the normal range for magnesium (1.5-2.5 mEq/L), so it is not a concern.

A. Numbness and tingling in the opposite extremity B. Severe. Increasing pain that is not relieved with opioids C. Absence of pain in the affected extremity D. Increased pain in the affected extremity upon ambulation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Numbness and tingling in the opposite extremity: These symptoms might suggest a neurological issue but are not related to compartment syndrome, which is localized to the affected limb and involves pressure within a muscle compartment.
B. Severe, increasing pain that is not relieved with opioids: This is a hallmark sign of compartment syndrome. The pain is disproportionate to the injury and does not respond to usual pain management, indicating increased pressure within the compartment.
C. Absence of pain in the affected extremity: Absence of pain is not a symptom of compartment syndrome. In fact, severe pain is one of the primary symptoms, along with other signs like swelling and decreased sensation.
D. Increased pain in the affected extremity upon ambulation: While pain with movement can occur with many conditions, in compartment syndrome, the severe pain typically occurs regardless of movement and is related to the pressure within the muscle compartment, not just with ambulation.

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The LPN/LVP is discussing types of hypertension with a patient. Which statement by the patient would reflect understanding of secondary hypertension?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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