The nurse administers a drug that causes vasoconstriction, contracted piloerection muscles, pupil dilation, closure of salivary sphincter, and male sexual emission. What receptor is the drug stimulating?
Beta 1- receptors
Beta 2- receptors
Alpha 2- receptors
Alpha 1-receptors
The Correct Answer is D
A) Beta 1-receptors:
Beta 1-receptors are primarily found in the heart, and their stimulation leads to increased heart rate and contractility. These receptors are not typically involved in vasoconstriction, pupil dilation, or piloerection.
B) Beta 2-receptors:
Beta 2-receptors are primarily located in smooth muscles such as the bronchi and blood vessels. Their stimulation causes smooth muscle relaxation, leading to bronchodilation and vasodilation. Beta 2-receptors are not responsible for the effects of vasoconstriction, piloerection, or pupil dilation described in the question, making this option incorrect.
C) Alpha 2-receptors:
Alpha 2-receptors are involved in the inhibition of norepinephrine release and play a role in regulating sympathetic tone. They are not primarily responsible for vasoconstriction or the other physiological responses listed in the question. Alpha 2-stimulation typically results in decreased sympathetic activity, not the effects described here.
D) Alpha 1-receptors:
Alpha 1-receptors are located on smooth muscle, including the blood vessels, and their stimulation results in vasoconstriction. They are also involved in other actions such as piloerection (hair standing on end), pupil dilation (mydriasis), and closure of the salivary sphincter. Additionally, they play a role in male sexual emission (ejaculation). The physiological responses described in the question—vasoconstriction, piloerection, pupil dilation, and male sexual emission—are all consistent with alpha 1-receptor stimulation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A) Stop taking the medication immediately: Abruptly stopping amitriptyline without the guidance of a healthcare provider can cause withdrawal symptoms and other complications. Discontinuing this medication should only be done under medical supervision.
B) Increase fluid intake: Amitriptyline can cause anticholinergic side effects such as dry mouth and constipation. Increasing fluid intake helps manage dry mouth by stimulating salivation and helps alleviate constipation by promoting bowel regularity.
C) Request another antidepressant: While amitriptyline can cause side effects like dry mouth and constipation, switching medications should not be the first step. These side effects are often manageable with lifestyle modifications, such as increasing fluid and fiber intake, and adjustments to the treatment plan can be considered if the symptoms are severe or persistent.
D) Notify the provider: While it is important for the nurse to document and inform the provider about any significant side effects, this instruction alone does not provide immediate relief to the patient. It is more appropriate to first recommend increasing fluid intake, and then the nurse can discuss with the provider if the symptoms persist or worsen.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) A 41-year-old man with kidney stones:
Kidney stones primarily affect the urinary system, and while the kidneys play a role in drug excretion, kidney stones themselves do not directly interfere with drug metabolism. Drug metabolism occurs mainly in the liver, so alterations due to kidney stones would be less likely. The liver is where most drug metabolism takes place, so drug metabolism in this case would likely be unaffected by kidney stones.
B) A 62-year-old woman with acute renal failure:
Acute renal failure impacts the kidneys' ability to filter and excrete drugs, but it doesn't directly affect the liver's ability to metabolize drugs. Renal failure can lead to drug accumulation due to decreased clearance, but metabolism (primarily liver function) is not usually altered unless the patient also has hepatic dysfunction.
C) A 35-year-old woman with cervical cancer:
Cervical cancer itself does not directly affect drug metabolism. While cancer treatments like chemotherapy or radiation therapy can affect liver and kidney function (which could impact drug metabolism), cervical cancer itself does not typically alter the metabolic pathways that drugs undergo in the body.
D) A 50-year-old man with cirrhosis of the liver:
Cirrhosis of the liver significantly impacts the liver's ability to metabolize drugs. The liver is the primary organ responsible for drug metabolism, and cirrhosis can lead to a decreased ability to break down medications, potentially resulting in drug toxicity or suboptimal therapeutic effects.
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