A nursing student asks how nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) work to suppress inflammation and reduce pain. The nurse will explain that NSAIDs
inhibit cyclooxygenase that is necessary for prostaglandin synthesis.
exert direct actions to cause relaxation of smooth muscle.
suppress prostaglandin activity by blocking tissue receptor sites.
interfere with neuronal pathways associated with prostaglandin action.
The Correct Answer is A
A) Inhibit cyclooxygenase that is necessary for prostaglandin synthesis:
NSAIDs primarily work by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which plays a crucial role in the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are chemicals that promote inflammation, pain, and fever in response to injury or infection. By blocking COX, NSAIDs reduce the production of prostaglandins, thereby decreasing inflammation and alleviating pain and fever.
B) Exert direct actions to cause relaxation of smooth muscle:
NSAIDs do not directly cause the relaxation of smooth muscle. While some other classes of drugs (e.g., bronchodilators) target smooth muscle relaxation, NSAIDs primarily work by reducing the production of prostaglandins, which in turn alleviates inflammation and pain. They do not have a significant effect on smooth muscle tone itself.
C) Suppress prostaglandin activity by blocking tissue receptor sites:
NSAIDs do not block the receptor sites for prostaglandins; rather, they inhibit the cyclooxygenase enzyme, which is responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins. This reduces the overall production of prostaglandins, rather than blocking their activity at the receptor level.
D) Interfere with neuronal pathways associated with prostaglandin action:
While NSAIDs reduce prostaglandin production, they do not directly interfere with neuronal pathways associated with prostaglandin action. They act primarily by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme to reduce the synthesis of prostaglandins at the site of injury or inflammation, rather than by modulating specific neural pathways.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A) Hypothalamus and the medulla: While the hypothalamus and medulla play critical roles in regulating autonomic functions and overall sympathetic nervous system activity, the primary origin of the sympathetic nervous system's neural impulses comes from the spinal cord, specifically in the thoracic and lumbar regions. The hypothalamus and medulla are involved in coordinating and regulating sympathetic activity rather than being the origin of the impulses themselves.
B) Cranium and sacral area of the spinal cord: The cranium and sacral regions are primarily associated with the parasympathetic nervous system, not the sympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system's nerve fibers arise from the brainstem and the sacral region, while the sympathetic fibers originate from the thoracic and lumbar areas.
C) Thoracic and lumbar section of the spinal cord: The sympathetic nervous system originates in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord, which includes the thoracic and lumbar segments (T1-L2). These regions house the preganglionic neurons whose axons exit the spinal cord and synapse in sympathetic ganglia, leading to the sympathetic effects on organs and tissues. This makes the thoracic and lumbar sections the correct location for the origin of SNS impulses.
D) Nerve membrane: The nerve membrane, or the cellular membrane of individual neurons, is not the location where impulses originate. The origin of the impulses is in the central nervous system (CNS), specifically in the spinal cord for the sympathetic system, not at the level of the individual nerve membranes.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A) Risk for dehydration related to diarrhea:
Diarrhea is not a common issue directly associated with Parkinson’s disease or its typical treatments, such as dopaminergic medications. While some medications or conditions can cause gastrointestinal disturbances, dehydration due to diarrhea is not a primary concern in Parkinson’s disease.
B) Diarrhea related to dopaminergic effects:
Dopaminergic medications, such as levodopa, may cause gastrointestinal side effects, but diarrhea is not a primary or common side effect. Typically, dopaminergic effects can lead to constipation, not diarrhea.
C) Risk for injury related to CVS effects and incidence of orthostatic hypotension:
Parkinson's disease can cause autonomic dysfunction, which often leads to orthostatic hypotension increasing the risk of falls and injury. This is a valid and appropriate nursing diagnosis because patients with Parkinson’s disease often experience balance issues and dizziness due to this condition, making them more vulnerable to falls and injury.
D) Constipation related to dopaminergic effects:
While constipation is a common side effect of dopaminergic medications used to treat Parkinson's disease, the more appropriate diagnosis for a patient who has Parkinson’s disease would be one that addresses the immediate risks or complications related to mobility or autonomic dysfunction.
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