The nurse emphasizes the importance of deep breathing and coughing exercises post-operatively to prevent complications. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of these exercises?

"I will perform deep breathing exercises only when the pain is minimal."

"I will perform deep breathing exercises every hour while awake."

“I will perform coughing exercises only if I feel short of breath."

"I will avoid deep breathing exercises to prevent straining my incision."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Deep breathing exercises should be performed regularly, regardless of the level of pain. The exercises are crucial for preventing lung complications, and pain management should be addressed so that the client can perform these exercises effectively.
B.   This statement reflects a proper understanding of the importance of regular deep breathing exercises. Performing these exercises every hour while awake helps to keep the alveoli open and reduces the risk of atelectasis and pneumonia. Consistent practice is essential for maximizing lung expansion and preventing complications.
C.   Coughing exercises should be performed regularly, not just when experiencing shortness of breath. Coughing helps to clear secretions from the airways and prevent their accumulation, which can lead to respiratory infections and other complications.
D.   Avoiding deep breathing exercises is not advisable. While there may be some discomfort, deep breathing is essential for lung health post-operatively. The exercises help prevent complications such as atelectasis.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a primary decrease in bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) levels, which is not typically a direct result of COPD. However, if a patient with COPD has an additional condition like kidney failure or severe sepsis, they could potentially develop metabolic acidosis. But, this is not the primary concern in COPD.
B. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation, where there is excessive loss of CO₂ leading to an increase in blood pH. This is less common in COPD patients, as they typically have difficulty exhaling CO₂ rather than hyperventilating.
C. Metabolic alkalosis involves an increase in blood pH due to elevated bicarbonate levels or loss of acid. This is not typically associated with COPD, unless there is an unrelated condition causing metabolic alkalosis.
D. COPD is characterized by impaired airflow and reduced ability to expel carbon dioxide (CO₂) effectively. As CO₂ accumulates in the blood, it combines with water to form carbonic acid, which lowers the blood pH, leading to respiratory acidosis.

A. Decreased renal function B. Seasonal allergies C. Family history of cancer D. Hypertension

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Decreased renal function is a common age-related change that can significantly increase postoperative complications, such as fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and medication toxicity.
B. Seasonal allergies are not specifically related to postoperative risks and can affect people of all ages.
C. Family history of cancer is a general health risk factor, not specifically postoperative.

D. Hypertension is a common chronic condition that can affect people of all ages and while it can increase postoperative risks, it's not specific to older adults.

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The nurse emphasizes the importance of deep breathing and coughing exercises post-operatively to prevent complications. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of these exercises?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD. The nurse should identify the client is at risk for which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which of the following is a postoperative risk factor specifically associated with older adults?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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