The nurse encourages the 84-year-old patient who is recovering from a hip replacement to:
Keep the bed flat to aid in lung expansion.
Cough frequently to make up for the loss of cilia.
Encourage bed rest.
Restrict fluid to prevent pulmonary congestion.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Keeping the bed flat does not necessarily aid lung expansion and can sometimes increase the risk of aspiration in patients with compromised mobility or cognition.
Choice B rationale
Encouraging the patient to cough frequently helps clear secretions from the lungs, compensating for the diminished function of cilia in elderly patients.
Choice C rationale
Encouraging bed rest can lead to complications such as muscle atrophy, decreased lung capacity, and increased risk of pressure ulcers in elderly patients.
Choice D rationale
Restricting fluid intake to prevent pulmonary congestion is not generally recommended unless there is a specific medical condition requiring fluid restriction, as adequate hydration is vital for overall health.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by prions, which are misfolded proteins that can induce normal proteins in the brain to also misfold. These prions are highly resistant to conventional methods of deactivation and pose a significant infection control challenge.
Choice B rationale
Fungi can cause a variety of infections, but they are not responsible for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Fungal infections typically affect the skin, lungs, or systemic organs.
Choice C rationale
Protozoa are single-celled organisms that can cause diseases such as malaria. They are not related to the prions that cause Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Choice D rationale
Viruses cause a range of diseases, including influenza and HIV, but they are distinct from prions. Prions lack genetic material and reproduce by corrupting normal proteins, which is different from viral replication mechanisms. .
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Washing hands when visibly soiled removes dirt, debris, and pathogens, effectively reducing the risk of infection.
Choice B rationale
Washing hands after using the restroom is a critical practice to prevent the spread of gastrointestinal pathogens.
Choice C rationale
Washing hands before meal preparation prevents the transmission of pathogens to food, protecting against foodborne illnesses.
Choice D rationale
Hands that appear clean may still harbor pathogens. Effective hand hygiene includes washing hands for at least 20 seconds with soap and water to remove invisible pathogens. .
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