The nurse explains that is regard to regulation by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, dietary supplements:

do not have to demonstrate effectiveness

are determined to be safe before being placed on the market

are checked for label accuracy

are tested prior to marketing

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Do not have to demonstrate effectiveness:

This statement is generally true under DSHEA regulations. Unlike pharmaceutical drugs, dietary supplements are not required to undergo rigorous testing to demonstrate their effectiveness in treating, preventing, or curing specific health conditions before they are marketed. However, manufacturers are prohibited from making unsubstantiated claims about the effectiveness of their products.

B. Are determined to be safe before being placed on the market:

Under DSHEA regulations, dietary supplement manufacturers are responsible for ensuring the safety of their products before they are marketed. However, unlike pharmaceutical drugs, dietary supplements do not undergo premarket approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to verify their safety and efficacy. Instead, manufacturers are required to notify the FDA of their intent to market a new dietary ingredient (NDI) and provide evidence of the ingredient’s safety.

C. Are checked for label accuracy:

The FDA regulates dietary supplements to ensure that their labels are accurate and truthful. However, the extent of label accuracy checking varies, and the FDA does not routinely test every dietary supplement product on the market. Instead, the FDA relies on postmarket surveillance, consumer complaints, and other mechanisms to identify and address inaccuracies or violations of labeling regulations.

D. Are tested prior to marketing:

Unlike pharmaceutical drugs, dietary supplements are not required to undergo premarket testing to demonstrate their safety or efficacy before they are marketed. While manufacturers are responsible for ensuring the safety of their products, there is no formal premarket testing requirement under DSHEA regulations.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. A Vitamin C deficiency:

While a Vitamin C deficiency can lead to oral health issues such as bleeding gums or scurvy, it is less likely to present with bright red oral mucous membranes and white patches. Vitamin C deficiency typically manifests with other symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and joint pain.

B. Dehydration:

Dehydration can cause dry mouth and oral discomfort, but it is less likely to present with bright red oral mucous membranes and white patches. Dehydration may also result in a dry, sticky feeling in the mouth rather than soreness with white patches.

C. Poor oral hygiene:

Poor oral hygiene can lead to various oral health problems, including gingivitis and dental caries, but it is less likely to cause bright red oral mucous membranes with white patches. Poor oral hygiene typically results in plaque accumulation, gum inflammation, and dental decay rather than the specific symptoms described.

D. A superinfection:

This is the correct option. A superinfection occurs when opportunistic microorganisms, such as fungi or resistant bacteria, proliferate and cause infection following antibiotic therapy. Penicillin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the normal balance of microorganisms in the mouth, allowing opportunistic pathogens to flourish and lead to conditions such as oral thrush (caused by Candida albicans) or oral candidiasis. The presence of bright red oral mucous membranes with white patches suggests the possibility of a superinfection, which warrants immediate attention from the primary care provider for further evaluation and management.

Correct Answer is ["50"]

Explanation

To calculate the infusion rate in gtt/min, the nurse needs to use the formula:

Infusion rate (gtt/min) = Volume (mL) x Drop factor (gtt/mL) / Time (min)

Plugging in the given values, we get:

Infusion rate (gtt/min) = 400 mL x 60 gtt/mL / 480 min

Simplifying, we get:

Infusion rate (gtt/min) = 50 gtt/min

Therefore, the nurse should set the manual IV infusion to deliver 50 gtt/min.

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The nurse explains that is regard to regulation by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, dietary supplements:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Mr. Thomas, who is receiving oral penicillin, reports that he has a sore mouth. On inspection, the nurse notes bright red oral mucous membranes with some white patches. The primary care provider is notified immediately because these symptoms may be caused by:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is ["50"]

Explanation

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