The nurse has taught the parents of a school-aged child with a newly placed ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt to monitor for early signs of shunt malfunction. The nurse determines the parents understand the instructions if they understand they should notify the provider if the child develops which early manifestation?

Lethargy

Seizure activity

Rapid weight gain

Disinterest in attending school

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Lethargy is an early sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) due to possible shunt malfunction and requires immediate medical attention.

B. Seizure activity can be a late sign of shunt malfunction and is also concerning but lethargy typically appears earlier.

C. Rapid weight gain is less directly related to shunt malfunction and more associated with conditions like hypothyroidism or edema.

D. Disinterest in school could suggest general malaise but is not a specific or early sign of shunt malfunction.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While monitoring blood pressure is important, a blood pressure of 98/62 mm Hg may not immediately warrant notification unless there are signs of hypotension or other symptoms. The focus should be on careful management of fluid and electrolytes.

B. In cases of acute renal failure, potassium levels can become elevated due to impaired renal function. Therefore, IV fluids should typically be low in potassium to prevent hyperkalemia.

C. In acute renal failure, a diet high in protein and sodium is not recommended. Instead, dietary restrictions are usually advised to manage waste products and fluid balance.

D. Administering IV fluids slowly helps to prevent fluid overload, which is crucial in managing renal failure and maintaining hemodynamic stability.

A. Tea-colored urine B. History of a recent streptococcus infection C. Polyuria D. Periorbital edema

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Tea-colored urine is more typical of glomerulonephritis rather than nephrotic syndrome.

B. A recent streptococcus infection is commonly associated with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, not nephrotic syndrome.

C. Polyuria is not a common feature of nephrotic syndrome; rather, oliguria (decreased urine output) may occur.

D. Periorbital edema is a hallmark sign of nephrotic syndrome, resulting from significant protein loss in the urine, leading to hypoalbuminemia and fluid retention.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 10-year-old client is experiencing acute renal failure from long-term kidney disease. The nurse is preparing to administer intravenous (IV) fluid. Which action is appropriate when caring for this client?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a pediatric client admitted with nephrotic syndrome. What assessment finding would likely be noted in a client with this diagnosis?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is providing teaching to a parent of a preschooler who has eczema. What instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?

A nurse is caring for an 18-month-old toddler in the emergency department. Exhibits The nurse reviews the toddler's medical record and assessment findings. The nurse should anticipate a healthcare provider's prescription for dropdown and dropdown

A nurse is providing teaching to a school-age client who has a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A nurse is planning care for a client who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan when caring for this client?

During a routine assessment of an 8-month-old, the nurse is assessing primitive reflexes. Which finding should the nurse expect for an infant of this age?

A pediatric client with diabetes insipidus (DI) is being treated with vasopressin. The nurse would assess the client closely for signs and symptoms of which condition?

A nurse is caring for a pediatric client who has been admitted with nephrotic syndrome. Which medication should the nurse expect to administer for the therapeutic management of nephrotic syndrome?