The nurse in a clinic reviewing laboratory results for a patient suspected of having undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Which of the following results would be diagnostic for diabetes

Fasting plasma glucose of 98mg/dl

Hemoglobin A1C (glycosylated hemoglobin) of 7.2%

Random plasma glucose of 110 mg/dl

Two hour plasma glucose of 140mg/dl

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A) Fasting plasma glucose of 98 mg/dl:
A fasting plasma glucose level of 98 mg/dl is within the normal range (70–99 mg/dl). According to diagnostic criteria, a fasting plasma glucose level of 100–125 mg/dl is considered prediabetes, and 126 mg/dl or higher on two separate occasions is diagnostic for diabetes. Therefore, a fasting plasma glucose of 98 mg/dl is not diagnostic for diabetes.

B) Hemoglobin A1C (glycosylated hemoglobin) of 7.2%:
An HbA1C level of 7.2% is diagnostic for diabetes. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) defines diabetes as an HbA1C of 6.5% or higher. The HbA1C test reflects the average blood glucose level over the past 2–3 months, and a level of 7.2% indicates that the patient's blood glucose levels have been elevated over time, consistent with diabetes. This is a key diagnostic criterion.

C) Random plasma glucose of 110 mg/dl:
Although a random glucose value greater than 200 mg/dl with symptoms of hyperglycemia can be diagnostic of diabetes, 110 mg/dl is within the normal range and does not meet the criteria for a diabetes diagnosis. For diagnostic purposes, a random plasma glucose must be 200 mg/dl or higher.

D) Two hour plasma glucose of 140 mg/dl:
For the test to be diagnostic of diabetes, the plasma glucose must be 200 mg/dl or higher after two hours. A level of 140 mg/dl suggests normal glucose tolerance or prediabetes, but it is not diagnostic for diabetes.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Have the client use the call light if they need to get up":
This is an appropriate precaution to promote safety for a patient who has seizures. It is important to encourage patients to call for assistance before getting up, especially if they are at risk for seizures. Having the patient use the call light ensures that they do not try to walk or move without supervision, which could lead to falls or injury.

B. "Pad the side rails of the client’s bed":
This is also an appropriate precaution. Padding the side rails of the bed is a common safety measure for patients who are at risk for seizures. The padding helps prevent injury if the patient moves during a seizure. Side rails should be raised during a seizure to prevent the patient from falling out of bed, but the risk of injury from the side rails themselves is minimized with padding.

C. "Ensure the lights in the room are as bright as possible at all times":
This is not an appropriate precaution. Bright lights in the room could potentially cause overstimulation, which may be a trigger for seizures in some patients. In addition, bright lights could contribute to discomfort and anxiety. Instead, the room should be kept at a comfortable, calm lighting level to help reduce stress and minimize the risk of triggering a seizure.

D. "Avoid over stimulation and excessive activity in the client’s room":
This is an appropriate precaution. Avoiding overstimulation is important for patients with seizure disorders. Excessive noise, bright lights, or other sources of stress or agitation could provoke a seizure. A calm, quiet environment helps to promote safety and reduce the risk of a seizure occurring.

A. An area of non-blanchable redness on inner skin B. An open wound with visible adipose tissue C. An area of shallow broken skin with blistering D. Deep purple discoloration over intact skin

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. An area of non-blanchable redness on inner skin:
A stage II pressure injury is characterized by partial-thickness skin loss involving the epidermis and/or dermis. It may present as a shallow, open wound or blister. However, non-blanchable redness, which suggests a stage I pressure injury, is not consistent with stage II, as stage II involves more significant skin damage, including blistering or broken skin.

B. An open wound with visible adipose tissue:
This description is more characteristic of a stage III pressure injury, which involves full-thickness skin loss extending into the subcutaneous tissue, revealing adipose tissue. Stage II pressure injuries, on the other hand, are partial-thickness and do not expose underlying structures such as adipose tissue.

C. An area of shallow broken skin with blistering:
Stage II pressure injuries are defined by partial-thickness skin loss, which can present as a shallow open wound or blister. This description accurately fits the characteristics of a stage II pressure injury, where the skin is damaged but the full-thickness layers are not yet compromised.

D. Deep purple discoloration over intact skin:
This is indicative of a stage I pressure injury, which involves intact skin with non-blanchable redness or discoloration. Stage II injuries involve skin breakdown and would not present with intact skin or deep purple discoloration. This description is more aligned with the early stages of pressure injury development, not stage II.

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The nurse in a clinic reviewing laboratory results for a patient suspected of having undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Which of the following results would be diagnostic for diabetes

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