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The nurse instructor is teaching student nurses about the factors that may affect a patient's blood pressure. Which statements accurately describe these factors? Select all that apply.

A.

Blood pressure increases with age.

B.

Blood pressure decreases after eating food.

C.

Blood pressure is usually highest on arising in the morning.

D.

Blood pressure tends to be higher in smokers.

E.

Hormones can affect blood pressure as seen in women after menopause

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

A reason:

Blood pressure increases with age because blood vessels naturally become less flexible and more resistant to blood flow as we age. This resistance can cause an increase in blood pressure. Additionally, lifestyle factors and accumulation of health issues over time contribute to higher blood pressure in older adults.

B reason:

Blood pressure does not typically decrease after eating food. Instead, it may temporarily increase due to the body’s metabolic response to digestion and absorption of nutrients. Some individuals may experience postprandial hypotension, but this is not a common occurrence.

C reason:

Blood pressure is usually highest on arising in the morning due to the body's natural circadian rhythm. The release of certain hormones like cortisol and adrenaline upon waking can cause an increase in blood pressure. This phenomenon is known as the "morning surge."

D reason:

Blood pressure tends to be higher in smokers because nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes cause vasoconstriction, which increases blood pressure. Chronic smoking can also lead to long-term damage to the cardiovascular system, further elevating blood pressure.

E reason:

Hormones can affect blood pressure, especially in women after menopause. The decline in estrogen levels can lead to increased blood pressure due to changes in vascular health and metabolism. Hormonal fluctuations throughout a woman's life can also influence blood pressure.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A reason:

Visitors may bring a fruit basket is incorrect. Fresh fruit can carry bacteria and should be avoided.

B reason:

Refraining from bringing flowers is correct. Flowers can carry bacteria and fungi, posing a risk to immunocompromised clients.

C reason:

A sick family member visiting, even with a mask, is incorrect. Sick visitors should avoid contact with immunocompromised clients to prevent infection.

D reason:

All visitors must complete hand washing, but wearing an N95 mask is not necessary unless specifically required. Standard masks are typically sufficient.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A reason:

Holding the cane on the right side to provide support for the weaker leg is correct. For a client with left hemiparesis, holding the cane on the opposite side (the right side) helps to balance and support the weaker left leg. This ensures better stability and reduces the risk of falling.

B reason:

Placing the cane approximately 61 cm (24 in) in front of the feet is not correct. The cane should be placed about 15-25 cm (6-10 in) in front and to the side of the body to ensure proper support and balance. Placing it too far in front can cause instability.

C reason:

Advancing the right leg and the cane together is incorrect. The cane should be advanced simultaneously with the weaker leg (left leg in this case) to provide support and balance.

D reason:

Removing the rubber tip when using the cane is incorrect. The rubber tip provides traction and prevents slipping, which is essential for safe cane use. Removing it would increase the risk of falls.

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