The nurse instructor is teaching student nurses about the factors that may affect a patient's blood pressure. Which statements accurately describe these factors? Select all that apply.

Blood pressure increases with age.

Blood pressure decreases after eating food.

Blood pressure is usually highest on arising in the morning.

Blood pressure tends to be higher in smokers.

Hormones can affect blood pressure as seen in women after menopause

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

A reason:

Blood pressure increases with age because blood vessels naturally become less flexible and more resistant to blood flow as we age. This resistance can cause an increase in blood pressure. Additionally, lifestyle factors and accumulation of health issues over time contribute to higher blood pressure in older adults.

B reason:

Blood pressure does not typically decrease after eating food. Instead, it may temporarily increase due to the body’s metabolic response to digestion and absorption of nutrients. Some individuals may experience postprandial hypotension, but this is not a common occurrence.

C reason:

Blood pressure is usually highest on arising in the morning due to the body's natural circadian rhythm. The release of certain hormones like cortisol and adrenaline upon waking can cause an increase in blood pressure. This phenomenon is known as the "morning surge."

D reason:

Blood pressure tends to be higher in smokers because nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes cause vasoconstriction, which increases blood pressure. Chronic smoking can also lead to long-term damage to the cardiovascular system, further elevating blood pressure.

E reason:

Hormones can affect blood pressure, especially in women after menopause. The decline in estrogen levels can lead to increased blood pressure due to changes in vascular health and metabolism. Hormonal fluctuations throughout a woman's life can also influence blood pressure.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A reason: Elevate the client's arm above the level of the heart. Elevating the client's arm above the heart level can result in an inaccurate blood pressure reading. The arm should be positioned at heart level to obtain an accurate measurement.

B reason: Select a cuff that covers 50% of the client's upper arm. A blood pressure cuff should cover approximately 80% of the upper arm's circumference for an accurate reading. Selecting a cuff that covers only 50% is incorrect and may result in an inaccurate measurement.

C reason: Place the blood pressure cuff 5 cm (2 in) above the client's antecubital space. While it is important to place the cuff correctly, positioning it 5 cm above the antecubital space is not a standard guideline. The correct placement is generally 2.5 cm (1 inch) above the antecubital space for accurate results.

D reason: Align the artery indicator on the blood pressure cuff with the client's brachial artery. Correctly aligning the artery indicator with the brachial artery ensures accurate blood pressure measurement. This action is essential for obtaining a precise reading and is the correct procedure to follow.

A. Airborne B. Protective C. Contact D. Droplet

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A reason:

Airborne precautions are not required for VRE. These precautions are used for infections transmitted through the air, such as tuberculosis, which is not the case with VRE.

B reason:

Protective precautions (also known as neutropenic or reverse precautions) are used to protect immunocompromised patients from infections. They are not appropriate for preventing the spread of VRE.

C reason:

Contact precautions are correct. VRE is typically transmitted through direct or indirect contact with contaminated surfaces or infected body fluids. Contact precautions help prevent the spread of VRE to other patients and healthcare workers.

D reason:

Droplet precautions are used for infections transmitted through respiratory droplets, such as influenza. VRE is not transmitted in this manner, so droplet precautions are not necessary.

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The nurse instructor is teaching student nurses about the factors that may affect a patient's blood pressure. Which statements accurately describe these factors? Select all that apply.

Nursing Test Bank

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