The nurse is administering the angiotensin II receptor antagonist valsartan. Which physiological response causes its therapeutic effect?

Chronotropic effect.

Diuresis

Vasodilation.

Sympatholytic action.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Chronotropic effect: This term refers to changes in heart rate. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists like valsartan primarily affect blood pressure and vascular tone, rather than directly altering heart rate.
B) Diuresis: Diuresis involves increased urine production. Although some antihypertensives can have a diuretic effect, valsartan primarily works through mechanisms other than increasing urine output.
C) Vasodilation: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists such as valsartan work by blocking the action of angiotensin II, which leads to vasodilation. This reduction in vascular resistance helps to lower blood pressure and is the primary therapeutic effect of valsartan.
D) Sympatholytic action: This refers to the suppression of sympathetic nervous system activity. Valsartan does not primarily act through sympathetic nervous system modulation but rather through direct vasodilation by blocking angiotensin II receptors.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Warfarin: Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant used for long-term anticoagulation, but it is not used for reversing the effects of heparin. They are different classes of anticoagulants with distinct reversal agents.
B. Vitamin K: Vitamin K is used to reverse the effects of warfarin, not heparin.
C. Protamine sulfate: Protamine sulfate is the specific antidote for heparin overdose. It neutralizes the effects of heparin and is used to quickly reverse its anticoagulant effects in case of an overdose or excessive bleeding.
D. Diphenhydramine HCl: Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine and has no role in reversing anticoagulants.

A. "I need to notify my healthcare provider if I lose my appetite or get nauseated." B. "I should take my furosemide only if I have shortness of breath or swelling in my feet." C. "I need to check my blood pressure three times a day." D. "If I lose more than one pound in a week, I should hold my next dose of furosemide."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "I need to notify my healthcare provider if I lose my appetite or get nauseated." This statement shows understanding because loss of appetite and nausea can be symptoms of digoxin toxicity or side effects, and it is important to report these symptoms to a healthcare provider. Monitoring for such side effects is crucial when taking digoxin.
B. "I should take my furosemide only if I have shortness of breath or swelling in my feet." This statement is incorrect because furosemide, a diuretic, should be taken according to the prescribed schedule, not based on symptoms. It is used to manage fluid retention and symptoms of heart failure, and its use should not be dependent solely on the presence of symptoms.
C. "I need to check my blood pressure three times a day." While monitoring blood pressure is important, it is not specifically required for patients on digoxin and furosemide unless instructed by a healthcare provider. The focus should be more on monitoring for symptoms of drug side effects and electrolyte imbalances.
D. "If I lose more than one pound in a week, I should hold my next dose of furosemide." Weight loss can be a normal effect of furosemide due to fluid loss, and the decision to hold a dose should be based on specific medical advice and not solely on weight change.

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The nurse is administering the angiotensin II receptor antagonist valsartan. Which physiological response causes its therapeutic effect?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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