The nurse is an occupational health nurse who is presenting a workshop on laryngeal cancer. What risk factor(s) would the nurse be sure to include in the workshop? Select all that apply.

Industrial pollutants

Region of country lived in

Alcohol

Age

Tobacco

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

A. Industrial pollutants: Exposure to chemicals like asbestos, wood dust, and other occupational irritants increases the risk of laryngeal cancer. Workers in industrial settings may inhale carcinogens that affect the larynx.
B. Region of country lived in: Geographic region is not a direct risk factor for laryngeal cancer. While environmental exposures vary by region, the location itself does not independently increase risk without other contributing factors.
C. Alcohol: Chronic alcohol use is a well-known risk factor for laryngeal cancer. When combined with tobacco use, the risk significantly increases due to synergistic effects on mucosal tissue.
D. Age: The risk for laryngeal cancer rises with age, especially in individuals over 55. Age-related changes in tissue and longer cumulative exposure to carcinogens contribute to higher risk.
E. Tobacco: Tobacco use, including smoking and chewing, is the most significant risk factor for laryngeal cancer. It causes direct irritation and genetic mutations in the epithelial lining of the larynx.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Natural killer cells: Natural killer (NK) cells are a type of lymphocyte that patrol the body, identifying and destroying virus-infected and cancerous cells. They act rapidly without prior sensitization and play a key role in the innate immune response.
B. Cytokines: Cytokines are signaling proteins that help regulate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. They do not directly destroy infected or cancerous cells but mediate communication between immune cells.
C. Interleukins: Interleukins are a subset of cytokines that facilitate interactions between white blood cells. They support immune cell activation and proliferation but do not perform surveillance or direct cytotoxic actions.
D. Interferons: Interferons are proteins released by cells in response to viral infection. They enhance the immune response and inhibit viral replication but do not directly destroy infected or malignant cells like NK cells do.

A. Male of Hispanic descent, age 28 years B. Female of African descent, age 42 years C. Female of Chinese descent, age 18 years D. Female of Caucasian descent age 47 years

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Male of Hispanic descent, age 28 years: While chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) can affect anyone, it is less common in young males. This demographic is not considered to be at high statistical risk compared to others.
B. Female of African descent, age 42 years: Middle-aged women are at increased risk for CFS; however, epidemiological data show a higher prevalence among Caucasian women, especially in their 40s to 50s.
C. Female of Chinese descent, age 18 years: CFS is less frequently diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. While females are more commonly affected, age and ethnicity make this client a lower-risk candidate.
D. Female of Caucasian descent age 47 years: CFS most commonly affects middle-aged women, particularly those of Caucasian descent. This demographic profile aligns closely with known risk patterns for chronic fatigue syndrome.

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The nurse is an occupational health nurse who is presenting a workshop on laryngeal cancer. What risk factor(s) would the nurse be sure to include in the workshop? Select all that apply.

Nursing Test Bank

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The nurse understands that which cells circulate throughout the body looking for virus-infected cells and cancer cells?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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