The nurse is an occupational health nurse who is presenting a workshop on laryngeal cancer. What risk factor(s) would the nurse be sure to include in the workshop? Select all that apply.
Industrial pollutants
Region of country lived in
Alcohol
Age
Tobacco
Correct Answer : A,C,D,E
A. Industrial pollutants: Exposure to chemicals like asbestos, wood dust, and other occupational irritants increases the risk of laryngeal cancer. Workers in industrial settings may inhale carcinogens that affect the larynx.
B. Region of country lived in: Geographic region is not a direct risk factor for laryngeal cancer. While environmental exposures vary by region, the location itself does not independently increase risk without other contributing factors.
C. Alcohol: Chronic alcohol use is a well-known risk factor for laryngeal cancer. When combined with tobacco use, the risk significantly increases due to synergistic effects on mucosal tissue.
D. Age: The risk for laryngeal cancer rises with age, especially in individuals over 55. Age-related changes in tissue and longer cumulative exposure to carcinogens contribute to higher risk.
E. Tobacco: Tobacco use, including smoking and chewing, is the most significant risk factor for laryngeal cancer. It causes direct irritation and genetic mutations in the epithelial lining of the larynx.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. "Confirmation is achieved by ruling out other diseases that manifest similar symptoms.": Psychobiologic diagnoses are often made through exclusion since many medical and psychiatric conditions present with overlapping symptoms. This explanation is medically accurate and helps the client understand the diagnostic process.
B. "Diagnosis takes time to consult the specialist and to get those reports.": While this may be true, it lacks specific detail about the diagnostic process. It may come across as vague or dismissive rather than informative and supportive during a stressful time.
C. "We should have the conclusion of the tests soon. Hang in there.": This is a supportive statement but provides no meaningful information. It does not validate the client’s frustration or explain the nature of psychobiologic diagnosis.
D. "Psychotherapy will provide the best data to make a diagnosis.": Psychotherapy is primarily used for treatment, not diagnosis. While it may help reveal symptoms, the diagnostic process relies more on clinical assessment and the exclusion of medical conditions.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "Removing the tumor is a primary treatment for colon cancer.": Surgical removal is primary in early-stage cancer, but not when metastasis is widespread. At this point, the focus shifts from curative to palliative care.
B. "Once the tumor is removed, cell pathology can be determined.": Pathology is typically confirmed through prior biopsies. Surgery in advanced cases is not usually done for diagnostic purposes.
C. "Tumor removal will promote comfort.": In metastatic colon cancer, surgery is often palliative, aiming to relieve symptoms such as pain, obstruction, or bleeding. The goal is to enhance quality of life.
D. "This surgery will prevent further tumor growth.": With metastasis to the liver and bone, tumor growth is likely ongoing elsewhere. Surgery may reduce local tumor burden but does not prevent systemic progression.
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