The nurse is assessing a patient who is diagnosed with tuberculosis. Which assessment finding correlates with this diagnosis?
Rhonchi
weight gain
Hemoptysis
Frothy sputum
The Correct Answer is C
A. Rhonchi are abnormal lung sounds that result from obstruction or secretions in larger airways. They are more commonly associated with conditions like chronic bronchitis or COPD rather than tuberculosis. While TB can lead to various lung sounds, rhonchi are not a hallmark of the disease.
B. Weight gain is generally not associated with tuberculosis. In fact, TB often leads to weight loss due to factors like loss of appetite, increased metabolic demand, and systemic effects of the infection. Patients with active TB frequently present with cachexia (wasting) or weight loss, not weight gain.
C. Hemoptysis, or coughing up blood, is a significant and classic symptom associated with tuberculosis, especially in cases involving pulmonary TB. It occurs due to the erosion of blood vessels in the lungs as the disease progresses. This makes it a strong correlating finding with a diagnosis of tuberculosis.
D. Frothy sputum is more characteristic of pulmonary edema or conditions such as congestive heart failure. In tuberculosis, sputum may be mucoid or purulent and sometimes contains blood, but it is not typically described as frothy.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Bradycardia, or a slower-than-normal heart rate, is not typically associated with anemia due to blood loss. Instead, anemia often leads to tachycardia (increased heart rate) as the body compensates for the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
B. Hypertension, or elevated blood pressure, is not a common finding in cases of anemia from blood loss. In fact, blood loss often results in hypotension (low blood pressure) due to decreased blood volume and circulating fluid.
C. Fatigue is a common symptom of anemia. As the body's ability to transport oxygen decreases due to the lack of sufficient red blood cells, the client may experience weakness, tiredness, and general fatigue, especially after surgery.
D. Diarrhea is not a typical finding associated with anemia from blood loss. While certain conditions causing anemia (such as gastrointestinal bleeding) could lead to changes in bowel habits, diarrhea itself is not a direct consequence of anemia. Instead, clients may experience symptoms more related to fluid volume status and energy levels.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The ASO titer is a blood test used to detect streptococcal infections, particularly post-streptococcal sequelae like rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis. It is not related to tuberculosis.
B. The Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) test, also known as the tuberculin skin test (TST), is specifically used to identify exposure to the tuberculosis bacteria. If a person has been exposed, the immune system will react to the PPD injection, causing a localized skin reaction that can be measured after 48-72 hours.
C. While a chest X-ray is an important tool for diagnosing active tuberculosis or assessing lung involvement, it is not the initial test for determining exposure to TB. It is usually ordered after a positive PPD test or when there are clinical symptoms of TB.
D. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a nonspecific marker of inflammation and infection in the body. It does not specifically indicate exposure to tuberculosis and is not used for TB testing.
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