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Which physical assessment(s) would be pertinent to the patient with asthma? (Select All that Apply.)

Patient color

Lung sounds

Heart tones

Bowel sounds

Peripheral pulses

Respiratory rate and effort

Pulse oximetry reading

Peak expiratory flow

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,F,G,H

A.   The patient's color can indicate their oxygenation status. Cyanosis (bluish tint) may suggest hypoxia, which is critical to assess in an asthma patient.
B.   Auscultation of lung sounds is essential in asthma assessment. The presence of wheezing, prolonged expiration, or decreased breath sounds can indicate airway obstruction and the severity of the asthma exacerbation.
C.   Assessing heart tones can provide information about the cardiovascular response to respiratory distress. Increased heart rate may occur due to hypoxia or anxiety associated with asthma attacks.
D.   Bowel sounds are not relevant in the assessment of asthma. While gastrointestinal symptoms may co- occur in some patients, they are not directly related to asthma's respiratory condition.
E.   While peripheral pulses are important in general assessments, they do not provide specific information relevant to asthma management or respiratory status.
F.   Monitoring respiratory rate and effort is crucial in assessing asthma. Increased respiratory rate and use of accessory muscles may indicate respiratory distress or an asthma exacerbation.
G.   A pulse oximetry reading provides an objective measure of oxygen saturation. Low oxygen saturation levels indicate inadequate oxygenation, which is critical to monitor in asthma patients.
H.   Measuring peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) helps assess the severity of airway obstruction and monitor asthma control. It can guide treatment decisions and determine if an asthma attack is occurring.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. This is the mechanism of action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, not calcium channel blockers. ACE inhibitors work by preventing the formation of angiotensin II, a hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict.
B. Calcium channel blockers do not directly affect angiotensin.
C. This is the correct mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers. By blocking the influx of calcium ions into smooth muscle cells, these medications cause the blood vessels to relax and dilate, lowering blood pressure.
D. Calcium channel blockers work by relaxing the smooth muscle of the blood vessels, which decreases their ability to contract and cause vasoconstriction.

A. Hamburger, steak fries, and an orange B. Turkey sandwich on whole wheat bread, green beans, and banana C. Pork sausage and baked beans D. Enriched cereal in whole milk

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. This meal includes a hamburger, which is typically high in saturated fat and sodium, especially if it's made from fatty cuts of meat and includes processed cheese or condiments. Steak fries are often high in fat and sodium due to being fried. While the orange is a healthy fruit, the rest of the meal does not align with the DASH diet principles.
B. This meal is a good example of the DASH diet. The turkey provides lean protein, whole wheat bread offers whole grains, and the green beans are a vegetable. The banana adds a serving of fruit. This combination emphasizes a variety of food groups that are encouraged in the DASH diet, making it a balanced and heart-healthy option.
C. Pork sausage is typically high in saturated fat and sodium, which is not aligned with the DASH diet's recommendations to limit these components. Baked beans can be a good source of fiber but may also contain added sugars and sodium depending on how they are prepared. Overall, this meal does not fit well within the DASH diet framework.
D. While enriched cereal can provide essential vitamins and minerals, it may also be high in added sugars, which is discouraged on the DASH diet. Whole milk is higher in saturated fat compared to low-fat or non- fat dairy options recommended by the DASH diet. Therefore, this meal does not fully meet DASH guidelines.

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Which physical assessment(s) would be pertinent to the patient with asthma? (Select All that Apply.)

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