The nurse is assessing a patient who was recently switched to amlodipine. Which assessment finding indicates that the patient is experiencing side effects of the drug? Select All That Apply

Pedal edema

Muscle cramps

Dizziness

Sexual dysfunction

Bradycardia

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,D

A. Pedal edema: Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, can cause peripheral edema as a side effect due to its vasodilatory effects on arterioles. This can manifest as swelling, particularly in the feet and ankles.

B. Muscle cramps: Muscle cramps are a known side effect of amlodipine. While the mechanism is not fully understood, calcium channel blockers like amlodipine can disrupt calcium ion flux in muscle cells, potentially leading to muscle cramping.

C. Dizziness: Dizziness is a common side effect of amlodipine, particularly during the initial period of treatment or when dosage adjustments are made. It is believed to be related to its vasodilatory effects and subsequent lowering of blood pressure.

D. Sexual dysfunction: Sexual dysfunction, including erectile dysfunction, has been reported as a side effect of amlodipine in some patients. The exact mechanism is not well understood but may be related to alterations in blood flow or neurohormonal effects.

E. Bradycardia: Bradycardia (slow heart rate) is not a typical side effect of amlodipine. Amlodipine primarily acts as a vasodilator and does not typically affect heart rate. In fact, it may cause reflex tachycardia (increased heart rate) in some individuals as a compensatory response to its vasodilatory effects.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is not a common side effect of metoprolol, a beta-blocker medication commonly used to treat hypertension. While gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea or constipation may occur, diarrhea is not typically associated with metoprolol use.

B. Insomnia: Insomnia, or difficulty falling or staying asleep, is a potential side effect of metoprolol. Beta-blockers like metoprolol may interfere with sleep patterns in some individuals, leading to insomnia. It is important for the nurse to assess the patient for changes in sleep patterns while taking metoprolol.

C. Urinary retention: Urinary retention, or the inability to completely empty the bladder, is not a common side effect of metoprolol. In fact, beta-blockers like metoprolol are more likely to cause urinary frequency or urgency rather than retention.

D. Gum changes: Gum changes, such as gingival hyperplasia, are not typically associated with metoprolol use. This side effect is more commonly associated with certain other medications, such as calcium channel blockers or anticonvulsants.

A. Administer post-exposure prophylaxis medication. B. Determine the HIV status of the patient. C. Advise exposed health care providers to use precautions. D. Undergo early reevaluation after exposure.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Administer post-exposure prophylaxis medication: Administering post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) medication is an essential step in preventing HIV transmission after a needlestick injury. However, it is not the first action to be taken. Before administering PEP, immediate precautions should be implemented to minimize the risk of transmission.

B. Determine the HIV status of the patient: While knowing the HIV status of the patient is important for assessing the risk of transmission, it is not the first action to be taken after a needlestick injury. Obtaining the patient's HIV status may take time and may not be immediately available. Therefore, other precautionary measures should be implemented first.

C. Advise exposed health care providers to use precautions: This is the most immediate and appropriate action following a needlestick injury. Advising exposed healthcare providers to use precautions, such as wearing gloves and washing the affected area thoroughly, helps minimize the risk of HIV transmission immediately after the incident. It is essential to prioritize safety measures for the healthcare provider while waiting for further assessment and management steps.

D. Undergo early reevaluation after exposure: While early reevaluation after exposure is important, especially for assessing the need for additional medical interventions, it is not the first action to be taken. Immediate precautions to prevent transmission should be prioritized before further evaluation.

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The nurse is assessing a patient who was recently switched to amlodipine. Which assessment finding indicates that the patient is experiencing side effects of the drug? Select All That Apply

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a patient who has been taking metoprolol as a second medication to control hypertension. The nurse will assess for which side effect?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a patient who is returning for a repeat blood pressure to determine if white coat syndrome occurred during the first clinical visit. Which diagnostic test will be used to confirm a diagnosis of hypertension?

The nurse is assessing a patient diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency. Which clinical manifestations are consistent with this diagnosis? Select All That Apply

The nurse is assessing a patient who is complaining of blurred vision. The patient's blood pressure reading is 195/130, the heart rate is 95 beats per minute. Which assessment finding by the nurse is consistent with a diagnosis of hypertensive emergency?

A nurse is providing education of enoxaparin to a patient diagnosed with deep venous thrombosis. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?

A patient taking an angiotensin receptor blocker (AR) to control blood pressure is now complaining of muscle cramps which action will the nurse implement?

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) whose most recent laboratory values reveal a CD4 level less than 200. Which assessment findings require immediate intervention?

The nurse has given nutritional instructions to a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) who has recurrent diarrhea. Which statement by the patient requires further instructions?

During the assessment of the patient, the nurse finds nonpalpable pedal pulses in the affected leg. How will the nurse proceed with assessment?