The nurse is assessing a patient with constipation. Which situation(s) would cause constipation? (Select all that apply.)

Excessive fluid intake

Diet low in cheese and yogurt

Diet low in fiber and/or residue

Iron supplements

Use of morphine

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,D,E

A. Excessive fluid intake: Excessive fluid intake does not typically cause constipation; rather, insufficient fluid intake is more commonly associated with constipation.

B. Diet low in cheese and yogurt: A diet low in cheese and yogurt is not a cause of constipation. However, a diet low in fiber can contribute to constipation.

C. Diet low in fiber and/or residue: A diet low in fiber and residue is one of the leading causes of constipation, as fiber helps in the formation and movement of stool.

D. Iron supplements: Iron supplements are known to cause constipation as they can slow down bowel movement and harden stool.

E. Use of morphine: Opioid medications like morphine slow down bowel motility and are a common cause of constipation.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Dairy products are encouraged: Dairy products can exacerbate symptoms of IBD, particularly diarrhea, and are typically restricted in many patients with IBD.

B. Low roughage should be followed: A low-roughage (low-fiber) diet helps manage diarrhea and reduce irritation in the intestines for patients with IBD.

C. Protein foods are restricted: Protein is not typically restricted in IBD. In fact, patients may need higher protein intake to support healing and maintain nutrition.

D. No added salt is required: There is no specific indication that salt needs to be restricted unless the patient has other conditions (e.g., hypertension or edema). Generally, a balanced diet is encouraged unless otherwise specified by the provider.

A. Decrease the client's fluid intake. B. Increase the client's sodium intake. C. Decrease the client's carbohydrate intake. D. Increase the client's saturated fat intake.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Decrease the client's fluid intake: In cirrhosis with ascites, the liver's ability to regulate fluid balance is impaired. Decreasing fluid intake helps prevent further accumulation of fluid in the abdomen (ascites).

B. Increase the client's sodium intake: Sodium intake should be restricted in patients with cirrhosis and ascites to reduce fluid retention and prevent worsening edema and ascites.

C. Decrease the client's carbohydrate intake: Carbohydrate intake is generally not restricted in cirrhosis unless there are concerns about hyperglycemia. It's important to maintain an adequate diet for the patient.

D. Increase the client's saturated fat intake: Increasing saturated fats is not appropriate in cirrhosis, as it can worsen liver damage and contribute to further complications. A balanced, low-fat diet is recommended instead.

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The nurse is assessing a patient with constipation. Which situation(s) would cause constipation? (Select all that apply.)

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