What action should a nurse implement to prevent complications in a patient with hepatitis who has been prescribed bed rest?

Encourage turning, coughing, and deep breathing every 2 hours.

Raise the knee gatch to prevent the patient from sliding down in bed.

Provide undisturbed periods of 6 hours to encourage rest.

Restrict fluids.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Encourage turning, coughing, and deep breathing every 2 hours: Bed rest increases the risk of respiratory complications like atelectasis and pneumonia, so encouraging turning, coughing, and deep breathing helps prevent these complications by improving lung ventilation.

B. Raise the knee gatch to prevent the patient from sliding down in bed: While this may help position the patient, it is not the priority action to prevent complications related to bed rest and hepatitis.

C. Provide undisturbed periods of 6 hours to encourage rest: While rest is important, prolonged periods without movement can lead to complications like pneumonia or pressure ulcers. Movement should still be encouraged.

D. Restrict fluids: Fluid restriction is not necessary for most hepatitis patients unless there are specific complications like ascites or severe edema. Fluid intake should generally be encouraged to prevent dehydration.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Dairy products are encouraged: Dairy products can exacerbate symptoms of IBD, particularly diarrhea, and are typically restricted in many patients with IBD.

B. Low roughage should be followed: A low-roughage (low-fiber) diet helps manage diarrhea and reduce irritation in the intestines for patients with IBD.

C. Protein foods are restricted: Protein is not typically restricted in IBD. In fact, patients may need higher protein intake to support healing and maintain nutrition.

D. No added salt is required: There is no specific indication that salt needs to be restricted unless the patient has other conditions (e.g., hypertension or edema). Generally, a balanced diet is encouraged unless otherwise specified by the provider.

A. Bisacodyl B. Mineral oil C. Methylnaltrexone D. Docusate

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Bisacodyl: A stimulant laxative that promotes bowel movements but may not be effective in refractory opioid-induced constipation.

B. Mineral oil: A lubricant that softens stools but does not address the opioid-specific cause of constipation.

C. Methylnaltrexone: A peripherally acting opioid antagonist that specifically targets opioid-induced constipation without affecting pain relief, making it the best option for refractory cases.

D. Docusate: A stool softener that is typically ineffective alone for severe opioid-induced constipation.

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What action should a nurse implement to prevent complications in a patient with hepatitis who has been prescribed bed rest?

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