The nurse is assessing an older adult client with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. The nurse understands that the client has an increased risk for which of the following?

Heart disease

Chronic lung disorders

Neurological disorders

Renal disease

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Hypothyroidism increases the risk for heart disease. The low thyroid hormone levels can lead to higher levels of cholesterol (especially LDL cholesterol) and increased blood pressure, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Additionally, hypothyroidism can slow down heart rate and decrease the heart's pumping efficiency, further contributing to heart problems.
B. Hypothyroidism does not directly increase the risk of chronic lung disorders. While it can cause respiratory issues such as shortness of breath or decreased exercise tolerance, it is not specifically linked to lung diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
C. While hypothyroidism can cause symptoms such as cognitive impairment, depression, and slowing of neurological functions, it does not directly increase the risk of other neurological disorders.
D. While hypothyroidism can contribute to some kidney dysfunction (like mild hyponatremia), it is not a direct risk factor for renal disease. However, untreated hypothyroidism could lead to worsening kidney function over time.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Phenytoin (Dilantin) is known to cause gingival hyperplasia (gum overgrowth), so it is important for the client to maintain good oral hygiene to help reduce the risk of this side effect. Regular brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups are recommended to help manage and prevent gum problems.
B. Phenytoin has a narrow therapeutic index, meaning that small changes in the dose or blood levels of the drug can have significant effects. Switching between brand name and generic forms of phenytoin may lead to variations in drug absorption, potentially affecting the client’s seizure control. The client should use the same brand unless instructed otherwise by their healthcare provider.
C. Phenytoin is not considered safe during pregnancy due to the risk of birth defects (e.g., fetal hydantoin syndrome). Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should discuss alternative treatments with their healthcare provider.
D. Phenytoin can be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal irritation. It is important to follow the specific instructions provided by the healthcare provider or pharmacist.

A. Postdrome B. Premonitory C. Headache D. Aura

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. The postdrome phase occurs after the headache subsides. During this phase, the client may experience fatigue, mood changes, or mild head discomfort, but it does not include visual disturbances like light flashes.
B. The premonitory phase refers to early warning signs that occur before the onset of the migraine headache, such as fatigue, irritability, or neck stiffness, but not typically visual disturbances like light flashes.
C. The headache phase is when the migraine pain is most severe. The client’s description of seeing light flashes occurs before the pain phase, so this would not be considered the headache phase.
D. The aura phase is characterized by neurological symptoms that occur just before or during the onset of a migraine, and it can include visual disturbances such as light flashes, blind spots, or zigzag lines. This phase can last from a few minutes to an hour and usually precedes the headache phase.

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The nurse is assessing an older adult client with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. The nurse understands that the client has an increased risk for which of the following?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is teaching a client with epilepsy who has a new prescription for phenytoin (Dilantin). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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