The nurse is caring for a client with late stage Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following behaviors should the nurse expect the client to demonstrate?
Unable to perform activities of daily living, requires total care, and unable recognize family members.
Asks the same questions repeatedly even after being reoriented.
Has difficulty finding correct words when having a conversation.
Demonstrates impulsive behavior and is unable to recognize consequences.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Unable to perform activities of daily living, requires total care, and unable to recognize family members is characteristic of late stage Alzheimer's disease. In this stage, cognitive decline is severe, and clients lose the ability to communicate effectively, recognize loved ones, and carry out basic tasks without assistance.
B. Repeating questions even after reorientation is more typical of early to moderate stages of Alzheimer’s, when short-term memory is significantly affected but overall function is not yet completely lost.
C. Difficulty finding correct words, known as anomia, usually appears in the early to moderate stages and is not specific to the late stage.
D. Impulsive behavior and poor judgment may occur in moderate stages, but in late-stage Alzheimer’s, clients often become non-verbal and immobile rather than impulsive.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["30"]
Explanation
- 12 units of insulin should be delivered every hour.
- In 250 mL of the IV solution, there are 100 units of insulin.
- If 100 units are in 250 mL, then to find the volume for 1 unit, we divide the total volume by the total units: 250 mL ÷ 100 units = 2.5 mL/unit
- Since we need to deliver 12 units per hour, and each unit is in 2.5 mL, we multiply the desired units per hour by the volume per unit: 12 units/hour × 2.5 mL/unit = 30 mL/hour
- Rounding to the nearest whole number, the IV pump should be programmed to deliver 30 mL per hour.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Carbidopa does not directly prevent dyskinesia. Dyskinesia is often a side effect of long-term levodopa therapy. Carbidopa’s role is to help optimize the effectiveness of levodopa and reduce side effects, but it does not specifically prevent dyskinesia.
B. The combination of levodopa and carbidopa does not prevent drug tolerance. Drug tolerance refers to the reduced effect of a drug over time, and while the combination may help with optimal absorption and effectiveness, it doesn't directly address tolerance.
C. While carbidopa helps reduce some side effects (such as nausea and vomiting) by preventing the peripheral breakdown of levodopa, the primary purpose of combining the two drugs is not solely to prevent side effects but to improve levodopa's effectiveness and absorption in the brain.
D. Carbidopa inhibits the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) in the peripheral tissues, preventing the premature breakdown (metabolism) of levodopa into dopamine before it reaches the brain. This allows more levodopa to enter the brain and be converted into dopamine, enhancing the therapeutic effect for Parkinson's disease.
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