The nurse is assessing the apical pulse. Where should the stethoscope be placed?

Choice A rationale
Insertion of a urinary catheter is a direct care intervention. It involves direct personal contact with the patient.
Choice B rationale
Reviewing discharge instructions with the client is also a direct care intervention. It involves direct personal contact with the patient.
Choice C rationale
Performing routine oral care is a direct care intervention. It involves direct personal contact with the patient.
Choice D rationale
Documentation of IV insertion is an example of an indirect care intervention. Indirect care interventions are performed when the nurse provides assistance in a setting other than with the patient. Examples of indirect care interventions are attending care conferences, documenting, and communicating about patient care with other providers.

Choice A rationale
Deontology is an ethical theory that emphasizes duties or rules. It doesn’t focus on using case studies from one demographic to instruct a different demographic on ethical decision-making.
Choice B rationale
Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that determines right from wrong by focusing on outcomes. It suggests that the most ethical choice is the one that will produce the greatest good for the greatest number. It doesn’t involve using case studies from one demographic to instruct another.
Choice C rationale
Feminist ethics is an approach to ethics that builds on the belief that traditionally ethical theorizing has undervalued and/or underappreciated women’s moral experience. It doesn’t directly relate to the use of case studies from one demographic to instruct another.
Choice D rationale
Casuistry, in ethics, a case-based method of reasoning. It is particularly employed in field- specific branches of professional ethics such as business ethics and bioethics. Casuistry typically uses general principles in reasoning analogically from clear-cut cases, called paradigms, to vexing cases. This aligns with the scenario of a nursing educator utilizing case studies from one demographic to instruct a different demographic on ethical decision-making.