The nurse is assessing the fingernails of a client at the clinic. The nurse observes pitting on the surface of the nail.

What disorder is this finding indicative of?

Vitiligo.

Psoriasis.

Melanoma.

Diabetes.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale

Vitiligo is a condition characterized by depigmentation of the skin, leading to white patches. It does not typically affect the fingernails, so pitting on the surface of the nails is not indicative of vitiligo.

Choice B rationale

Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that often affects the nails, leading to pitting or the appearance of small depressions on the nail surface. Nail psoriasis can also cause discoloration, thickening, and separation of the nail from the nail bed.

Choice C rationale

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that can affect the nails, causing dark streaks or pigmentation changes. However, pitting on the surface of the nails is not a characteristic feature of melanoma.

Choice D rationale

Diabetes can lead to various nail changes, including thickening and yellowing of the nails, but it does not typically cause pitting on the nail surface. Pitting is more specific to psoriasis.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Cushing syndrome is not associated with high urine output post-craniotomy. It is related to excessive cortisol production leading to weight gain, hypertension, and other symptoms.

Choice B rationale

Adrenal crisis involves insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone, leading to symptoms like hypotension, fatigue, and abdominal pain, not high urine output.

Choice C rationale

Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D), also known as diabetes insipidus, causes the kidneys to excrete large amounts of dilute urine due to lack of ADH, leading to high urine output.

Choice D rationale

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) causes water retention and low urine output due to excess ADH, not the increased urine output seen in the scenario.

A. Tactile agnosia. B. Ataxia. C. Visual agnosia. D. Positive Romberg. E. Positive Romberg.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Tactile agnosia is the inability to recognize objects through touch, not vision. This condition affects the somatosensory cortex, impacting tactile processing.

Choice B rationale

Ataxia involves the loss of full control of bodily movements and coordination, not the inability to identify objects visually. It typically results from cerebellar dysfunction.

Choice C rationale

Visual agnosia is the inability to recognize familiar objects by sight despite having intact visual functioning. This condition often results from damage to the occipital or temporal lobes.

Choice D rationale

Positive Romberg sign indicates balance issues, typically seen when a client sways or falls when standing with eyes closed. It does not pertain to visual recognition deficits.

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The nurse is assessing the fingernails of a client at the clinic. The nurse observes pitting on the surface of the nail. What disorder is this finding indicative of?

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The nurse is assessing the fingernails of a client at the clinic. The nurse observes pitting on the surface of the nail.

What disorder is this finding indicative of?