The nurse is assessing the fingernails of a client at the clinic. The nurse observes pitting on the surface of the nail.
What disorder is this finding indicative of?
Vitiligo.
Psoriasis.
Melanoma.
Diabetes.
Diabetes.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Vitiligo is a condition characterized by depigmentation of the skin, leading to white patches. It does not typically affect the fingernails, so pitting on the surface of the nails is not indicative of vitiligo.
Choice B rationale
Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that often affects the nails, leading to pitting or the appearance of small depressions on the nail surface. Nail psoriasis can also cause discoloration, thickening, and separation of the nail from the nail bed.
Choice C rationale
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that can affect the nails, causing dark streaks or pigmentation changes. However, pitting on the surface of the nails is not a characteristic feature of melanoma.
Choice D rationale
Diabetes can lead to various nail changes, including thickening and yellowing of the nails, but it does not typically cause pitting on the nail surface. Pitting is more specific to psoriasis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A 5% deficit in body weight and increased caloric need alone do not warrant the initiation of parenteral nutrition (PN). PN is typically reserved for situations where oral or enteral feeding is not feasible or safe.
Choice B rationale
Significant risk of aspiration and decreased level of consciousness may necessitate alternative feeding methods, such as enteral feeding via a nasogastric or gastrostomy tube. PN is considered when enteral feeding is not possible.
Choice C rationale
Calorie deficit, muscle wasting, and low electrolyte levels indicate malnutrition, but PN is initiated when other feeding methods are inadequate or unsafe.
Choice D rationale
Inability to take in adequate oral food or fluids within 7 days is a clear indication for initiating PN. This ensures the patient receives essential nutrients and prevents further deterioration of their nutritional status.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A pustule is an elevated, round lesion filled with pus, not serum. Pustules are commonly seen in acne or infections.
Choice B rationale
A macule is a flat, discolored area of the skin that is not elevated. Macules do not contain fluid and are often seen in conditions like freckles or flat moles.
Choice C rationale
A vesicle is an elevated, round lesion filled with clear serum. Vesicles can result from conditions such as chickenpox, herpes simplex, or dermatitis.
Choice D rationale
A cyst is an elevated, round lesion filled with semi-solid material or fluid. Cysts are typically deeper in the skin compared to vesicles.
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