The nurse is assessing the neurologic status of a patient who has a late-stage brain tumor. With the reflex hammer, the nurse draws a light stroke up the lateral side of the sole of the foot and inward, across the ball of the foot. In response, the patient's toes fan out, and the big toe shows dorsiflexion. The nurse interprets this result as:
Achilles reflex, which is an expected response.
Negative Babinski sign, which is normal for adults.
Positive Babinski sign, which is abnormal for adults.
Clonus, which is a hyperactive response
The Correct Answer is C
A. The Achilles reflex involves the contraction of the calf muscles, not the fanning of the toes.
B. A negative Babinski sign would show the toes curling downward, which is normal for adults, not fanning out.
C. A positive Babinski sign, where the toes fan out and the big toe dorsiflexes, is abnormal in adults and typically indicates neurologic damage or dysfunction.
D. Clonus involves repeated muscle contractions, not the fanning of the toes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The frontal lobe is responsible for a variety of functions, including personality, behavior, judgment, and emotional regulation. It also plays a key role in problem-solving and decision-making. Changes in these areas, such as the emotional instability (crying and anger) described in the question, are often linked to frontal lobe dysfunction.
B. The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for visual processing. Damage or issues in the occipital lobe typically affect vision, such as causing blindness or visual disturbances, rather than emotional or behavioral changes like those described in the scenario.
C. The temporal lobe is involved in processing auditory information, memory, and language. While damage to the temporal lobe can affect memory or speech, it is not primarily responsible for the emotional and personality changes described in the scenario. Temporal lobe damage is more commonly associated with memory loss or issues with speech.
D. The parietal lobe is responsible for sensory information and spatial awareness. While damage here can lead to problems with spatial orientation or sensation, it is not directly responsible for emotional regulation or changes in personality and behavior like those described in the question.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Flexion involves decreasing the angle between two body parts, such as bending the knee or elbow, not moving the leg laterally.
B. Abduction is the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body. In this case, moving the leg laterally fits this description.
C. Adduction refers to movement toward the body's midline, the opposite of abduction.
D. Extension involves straightening a body part, such as straightening the knee, which does not match the description of moving the leg laterally and medially.
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