The nurse is assessing the respiratory system of a newborn. Which anatomic differences place the infant at risk for respiratory compromise? (Select All that Apply.)

The nasal passages are narrower.

The tongue is smaller.

There are significantly fewer alveoli.

The larynx is more funnel shaped.

The trachea and chest wall are less compliant.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

A. Narrower nasal passages can lead to increased airway resistance and difficulty in breathing, as infants are primarily nasal breathers.

B. A smaller tongue does not directly contribute to respiratory compromise; however, it can pose a risk for airway obstruction if the tongue falls back against the oropharynx.

C. Significantly fewer alveoli mean less surface area for gas exchange, which can impair oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination.

D. A more funnel-shaped larynx can predispose infants to upper airway obstruction and increase the work of breathing.

E. Less compliant trachea and chest wall make it harder for the infant to expand the lungs, leading to increased work of breathing and potential respiratory distress.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Speak to the child using mature language and appeal to his or her desire for self-care. - School-age children are typically more independent and responsive to mature communication. Acknowledging their desire for self-care fosters cooperation during the examination process.

B. Include the child in all parts of the examination: speak to the caregiver before and after the examination. - While involving the child in the examination process is important, school-age children may prefer direct communication rather than primarily interacting with caregivers.

C. Keep up a running dialogue with the caregiver, explaining each step as you do it. - While

involving caregivers in the examination process is important, maintaining a dialogue primarily with them may not fully engage the child during the assessment.

D. Address the child by name; speak to the caregiver and do the most invasive parts last. - While considering the child's comfort and addressing them directly is essential, school-age children

may respond better to direct communication rather than deferring to caregivers for discussion

A. Forward-facing in the front passenger seat B. Rear-facing in the back seat next to a window C. Rear-facing in the middle of the back seat D. Forward-facing in the back seat

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Forward-facing in the front passenger seat: This position is not suitable for an infant. Infants should always be placed in a rear-facing car seat in the back seat of the vehicle to reduce the risk of injury in the event of a crash.

B. Rear-facing in the back seat next to a window: Placing an infant next to a window increases the risk for injury. The safest position for a car seat is in the center of the back seat

C. Rear-facing in the middle of the back seat: Although the manufacturer of the car seat will provide specifics regarding use, a child should remain in a rear-facing car seat until age 2 or until the child outgrows the height or weight limits of a rear-facing seat

D. Forward-facing in the back seat: Forward-facing car seats are appropriate for older children, typically after they have outgrown rear-facing car seats based on height and weight requirements.

Infants should always ride in a rear-facing car seat until they reach the maximum weight or height limit specified by the car seat manufacturer.

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The nurse is assessing the respiratory system of a newborn. Which anatomic differences place the infant at risk for respiratory compromise? (Select All that Apply.)

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