The nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes mellitus and reports having a headache, nausea, is diaphoretic and then loses consciousness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Assess the client for the need for compressions.

Perform a sternal rub to arouse the client.

Provide 15 g of a fast-acting carbohydrate.

Administer a prescribed injectable glucagon.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. This action is not appropriate unless the client is in cardiac arrest. The client is unconscious but not necessarily in need of compressions based on the symptoms described.
B. While the sternal rub can be used to assess for a response, it is not the best intervention in this situation. If the client is unconscious and showing signs of hypoglycemia, immediate treatment should focus on addressing the cause (low blood sugar) rather than trying to arouse the client.
C. While providing a fast-acting carbohydrate is appropriate for mild hypoglycemia, the client has lost consciousness, which indicates a more severe level of hypoglycemia. In this case, injectable glucagon is the preferred intervention to raise the client's blood sugar quickly.
D. The client’s symptoms (headache, nausea, diaphoresis, loss of consciousness) suggest hypoglycemia. When a client loses consciousness, injectable glucagon should be administered to rapidly raise blood sugar levels. If the client is conscious later, oral carbohydrates can be given, but in this case, injectable glucagon is the immediate priority.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Legumes (such as beans, lentils, and peas) have a low glycemic index. They are high in fiber and protein, which helps slow the absorption of carbohydrates and keep blood sugar levels stable.
B. Grilled chicken is a protein source and does not significantly affect the glycemic index since proteins do not cause a rise in blood sugar.
C. Root vegetables like carrots, sweet potatoes, and beets generally have a moderate glycemic index. While they do impact blood sugar, they do not cause as significant an increase as high-glycemic foods.
D. Mashed potatoes, especially if prepared without the skin, have a high glycemic index. The processing of potatoes into a mashed form increases their rate of digestion and absorption, causing a more rapid increase in blood sugar levels

A. "Keep your feet clean and check them daily for any breaks in the skin." B. "Use a heating pad to keep hands and feet warm." C. "You should not get the pneumonia vaccine." D. "Schedule eye examinations and be sure to attend them every 5 years.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Foot care is crucial for individuals with diabetes due to the increased risk of neuropathy and poor circulation. Daily inspection for cuts, blisters, or other injuries is vital to prevent infections and complications, such as diabetic ulcers or amputations.
B. Heating pads should not be used by people with diabetes, as they may not be able to feel the heat due to diabetic neuropathy. This increases the risk of burns and injury. It is safer to use other methods for warming hands and feet, such as wearing socks or gloves.
C. People with diabetes are at an increased risk for infections, including pneumonia. The pneumonia vaccine (PPSV23 and/or PCV13) is recommended for individuals with diabetes to help reduce the risk of pneumonia. This statement is false.
D. People with diabetes should have regular eye examinations, but they should be scheduled annually, not every 5 years. Diabetes can lead to diabetic retinopathy, which can cause vision loss if not monitored and treated promptly. Annual eye exams are recommended to detect any changes early.

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The nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes mellitus and reports having a headache, nausea, is diaphoretic and then loses consciousness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

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