The nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes mellitus and reports having a headache, nausea, is diaphoretic and then loses consciousness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Assess the client for the need for compressions.

Perform a sternal rub to arouse the client.

Provide 15 g of a fast-acting carbohydrate.

Administer a prescribed injectable glucagon.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. This action is not appropriate unless the client is in cardiac arrest. The client is unconscious but not necessarily in need of compressions based on the symptoms described.
B. While the sternal rub can be used to assess for a response, it is not the best intervention in this situation. If the client is unconscious and showing signs of hypoglycemia, immediate treatment should focus on addressing the cause (low blood sugar) rather than trying to arouse the client.
C. While providing a fast-acting carbohydrate is appropriate for mild hypoglycemia, the client has lost consciousness, which indicates a more severe level of hypoglycemia. In this case, injectable glucagon is the preferred intervention to raise the client's blood sugar quickly.
D. The client’s symptoms (headache, nausea, diaphoresis, loss of consciousness) suggest hypoglycemia. When a client loses consciousness, injectable glucagon should be administered to rapidly raise blood sugar levels. If the client is conscious later, oral carbohydrates can be given, but in this case, injectable glucagon is the immediate priority.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Carbidopa does not directly prevent dyskinesia. Dyskinesia is often a side effect of long-term levodopa therapy. Carbidopa’s role is to help optimize the effectiveness of levodopa and reduce side effects, but it does not specifically prevent dyskinesia.
B. The combination of levodopa and carbidopa does not prevent drug tolerance. Drug tolerance refers to the reduced effect of a drug over time, and while the combination may help with optimal absorption and effectiveness, it doesn't directly address tolerance.
C. While carbidopa helps reduce some side effects (such as nausea and vomiting) by preventing the peripheral breakdown of levodopa, the primary purpose of combining the two drugs is not solely to prevent side effects but to improve levodopa's effectiveness and absorption in the brain.
D. Carbidopa inhibits the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) in the peripheral tissues, preventing the premature breakdown (metabolism) of levodopa into dopamine before it reaches the brain. This allows more levodopa to enter the brain and be converted into dopamine, enhancing the therapeutic effect for Parkinson's disease.

A. This disorder is more common in men than women. B. Low thyroid hormone levels may increase the heart rate. C. Hypothyroidism can cause extreme fatigue. D. People often lose weight unexpectedly when they have this condition.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hypothyroidism is actually more common in women than men, particularly in middle-aged and older women.
B. Low thyroid hormone levels typically lead to a slower heart rate (bradycardia), not an increased heart rate.
C. Hypothyroidism can cause extreme fatigue is correct. Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms of hypothyroidism due to the slowed metabolic processes resulting from low levels of thyroid hormones.
D. Hypothyroidism is associated with weight gain, not weight loss, due to a slowed metabolism. Unexpected weight loss is more commonly seen in hyperthyroidism.

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The nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes mellitus and reports having a headache, nausea, is diaphoretic and then loses consciousness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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