The nurse is caring for a client who is one day post op after having abdominal surgery. While auscultating bowel sounds for a full one minute, the nurse hears 3 bowel sounds. The nurse would chart this as bowel sounds.

In a postoperative client one day after abdominal surgery, hearing only 3 bowel sounds in one minute indicates hypoactive bowel sounds. Normal bowel sounds are typically described as "active" and occur at a rate of 5 to 30 per minute. Hypoactive bowel sounds are decreased in frequency, often occurring less than 5 per minute, and may indicate decreased gastrointestinal motility, which is common after abdominal surgery due to factors such as anesthesia, pain medication, and bowel manipulation during surgery.

A. Hyperactive: Hyperactive bowel sounds, also known as "borborygmi," are increased in frequency and intensity. They are often loud, gurgling sounds and may indicate increased gastrointestinal motility or the presence of diarrhea. This description does not fit the scenario described.

B. Active: While "active" bowel sounds are within the normal range, hearing only 3 bowel sounds in one minute suggests decreased frequency, indicating hypoactivity rather than normal activity.

C. Hypoactive: Hypoactive bowel sounds are decreased in frequency, occurring less than 5 per minute. This finding is commonly observed in postoperative clients due to factors such as anesthesia and opioid pain medication.

D. Absent: Absent bowel sounds are concerning and may indicate ileus or bowel obstruction. In this scenario, hearing 3 bowel sounds indicates some bowel motility, ruling out the classification of absent bowel sounds.

A. Hypovolemic shock: Hypovolemic shock is characterized by decreased blood volume, leading to inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery. The clinical findings described, such as sudden weight gain, bounding pulses, and elevated blood pressure, are not consistent with hypovolemic shock, which typically presents with hypotension, weak pulses, and signs of poor tissue perfusion.

B. Hemodilution: Hemodilution refers to a decrease in the concentration of blood components due to an increase in plasma volume. While weight gain may result from hemodilution, other clinical findings described, such as bounding pulses and elevated blood pressure, are not indicative of hemodilution.

C. Excess fluid volume: This is the correct answer. The sudden weight gain, bounding pulses, and elevated blood pressure suggest an excess of fluid volume. Bounding pulses can occur due to increased stroke volume from the heart pumping against increased volume, while elevated blood pressure can result from the increased fluid volume increasing cardiac output. Sudden weight gain is often attributed to fluid retention.

D. Deficient fluid volume: Deficient fluid volume, also known as dehydration, is characterized by insufficient fluid in the body. The clinical findings described, such as sudden weight gain and elevated blood pressure, are not consistent with deficient fluid volume. In dehydration, blood pressure tends to decrease rather than increase.