The nurse is developing a staff education program about diabetes mellitus, type 2. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the program?

"Elevated blood sugar level causes decreased thirst and appetite."

"Increased appetite is due to osmotic factors resulting from high blood sugar.

"Increased appetite is caused by the increased anabolic state due to high blood sugar.

"Frequent urination seen in diabetes is due to an elevated blood sugar level."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Elevated blood sugar (hyperglycemia) typically causes increased thirst (polydipsia) and increased appetite (polyphagia), not decreased thirst and appetite. This occurs due to the body’s attempt to compensate for the excess glucose in the blood.
B. While osmotic factors (such as increased glucose in the urine) contribute to dehydration and increased thirst, increased appetite (polyphagia) in diabetes is primarily caused by the body's inability to effectively use glucose, leading to a sensation of hunger despite high blood sugar.
C. The increased appetite in diabetes is related to the body’s inability to properly utilize glucose, not an anabolic state. The body compensates for the perceived lack of energy, leading to hunger.
D. Frequent urination (polyuria) in diabetes is due to the osmotic diuresis caused by elevated blood sugar levels. When blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold, glucose spills into the urine, which pulls water along with it, leading to increased urination.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Atorvastatin is commonly prescribed to manage high cholesterol and does not typically pose a direct risk when taken with oral antidiabetic drugs or insulin. In fact, managing cholesterol is important for patients with diabetes to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications.
B. Duloxetine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used to treat depression and anxiety. It does not have significant interactions with antidiabetic medications or insulin, although it should be used with caution in patients with certain conditions, like a history of serotonin syndrome.
C. Prednisone is a corticosteroid that can raise blood glucose levels, which can be problematic for patients with diabetes. It may increase insulin resistance and cause hyperglycemia, potentially making it more difficult to control blood sugar in patients taking oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin.
D. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and, although it can affect kidney function, it does not have a direct impact on blood sugar levels when used in the short term. It may be used cautiously in diabetic patients, particularly if they have kidney problems, but it is not a major concern in this case.

A. Low serum thyroxine (T4) level B. Decreased serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) C. Tachycardia or fine hand tremor D. Elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) E. Elevated serum thyroxine (T4)

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Low serum thyroxine (T4) level In hyperthyroidism, the serum thyroxine (T4) level is typically elevated due to excessive production of thyroid hormones.
B. Decreased serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) In hyperthyroidism, the body produces excess thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), which negatively feedback to the pituitary gland and result in decreased TSH levels. This is a key diagnostic finding.
C. Tachycardia or fine hand tremor Hyperthyroidism often causes symptoms like tachycardia (increased heart rate) and a fine hand tremor due to the overstimulation of the body's metabolism and sympathetic nervous system.
D. Elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) In hyperthyroidism, the TSH level is typically low due to negative feedback from the excess thyroid hormones.
E. Elevated serum thyroxine (T4) In hyperthyroidism, the serum thyroxine (T4) level is elevated because the thyroid gland is producing too much thyroid hormone.

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The nurse is developing a staff education program about diabetes mellitus, type 2. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the program?

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