The nurse is developing a staff education program about diabetes mellitus, type 2. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the program?

"Elevated blood sugar level causes decreased thirst and appetite."

"Increased appetite is due to osmotic factors resulting from high blood sugar.

"Increased appetite is caused by the increased anabolic state due to high blood sugar.

"Frequent urination seen in diabetes is due to an elevated blood sugar level."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Elevated blood sugar (hyperglycemia) typically causes increased thirst (polydipsia) and increased appetite (polyphagia), not decreased thirst and appetite. This occurs due to the body’s attempt to compensate for the excess glucose in the blood.
B. While osmotic factors (such as increased glucose in the urine) contribute to dehydration and increased thirst, increased appetite (polyphagia) in diabetes is primarily caused by the body's inability to effectively use glucose, leading to a sensation of hunger despite high blood sugar.
C. The increased appetite in diabetes is related to the body’s inability to properly utilize glucose, not an anabolic state. The body compensates for the perceived lack of energy, leading to hunger.
D. Frequent urination (polyuria) in diabetes is due to the osmotic diuresis caused by elevated blood sugar levels. When blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold, glucose spills into the urine, which pulls water along with it, leading to increased urination.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. In Graves' disease, the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, but the result is an overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism), not a decrease.
B. Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system produces antibodies (known as thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins) that stimulate the thyroid gland to produce excess thyroid hormones. It is not primarily an inflammatory condition.
C. Immunoglobulins cause excess in thyroid hormones Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder in which the body produces thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs) that bind to thyroid cells and stimulate the thyroid to produce excess thyroid hormones. This leads to hyperthyroidism.
D. Graves' disease is more commonly seen in women, particularly those between the ages of 20 and 40. Men are less likely to develop this condition.

A. Your pancreas is not secreting enough insulin to help regulate your blood sugar level. B. Your pancreas is not breaking down glycogen that leads to increased blood sugar level. C. Your liver is secreting too much glucagon and that leads to increased blood sugar level. D. Your liver is absorbing too much insulin that is why it cannot be used by the blood.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas either does not produce any insulin or produces very little insulin. Insulin is necessary to help regulate blood sugar levels by allowing glucose to enter cells. In type 2 diabetes, the body may not respond to insulin effectively (insulin resistance), or the pancreas may not produce enough insulin to meet the body's needs. Either way, insulin production or function is impaired, leading to elevated blood sugar levels.
B. The pancreas does not break down glycogen. Instead, the liver breaks down glycogen into glucose when blood sugar is low. The pancreas's role in diabetes is primarily related to insulin production or secretion, not the breakdown of glycogen.
C. Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that signals the liver to release glucose when blood sugar is low. In diabetes, the issue is typically with insulin production or the body’s response to insulin, not an overproduction of glucagon.
D. This statement is confusing. The liver does not absorb insulin. In type 2 diabetes, the problem is typically insulin resistance, meaning the body’s cells, including those in the liver, do not respond properly to insulin. In type 1 diabetes, the issue is a lack of insulin production.

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The nurse is developing a staff education program about diabetes mellitus, type 2. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the program?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a client with Graves' disease. The nurse understands that which of the following statements is true regarding this disorder?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who states, "I do not understand why I have diabetes when I try not to eat a lot of sugar." Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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