The nurse is caring for a client with left-sided heart failure. Which of the following symptoms correlate to this diagnosis? (Select all that apply)
Tachypnea
Cough
Jugular vein distention
Ascites
Confusion
Correct Answer : A,B
Choice A reason: Tachypnea occurs in left-sided heart failure as pulmonary edema from backpressure increases respiratory effort to oxygenate blood through fluid-filled alveoli.
Choice B reason: Cough in left-sided failure results from pulmonary congestion irritating airways, often producing frothy sputum as fluid leaks from capillaries into lungs.
Choice C reason: Jugular vein distention indicates right-sided heart failure, where systemic venous pressure rises, not left-sided, which affects lungs, not neck veins.
Choice D reason: Ascites, abdominal fluid buildup, stems from right-sided failure’s hepatic congestion, not left-sided failure’s pulmonary focus, making it unrelated here.
Choice E reason: Confusion may occur late in severe heart failure from hypoxia, but it’s not specific to left-sided failure’s early pulmonary symptoms like tachypnea.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Levothyroxine takes weeks to normalize metabolism in hypothyroidism as T4 converts to T3 gradually, so immediate symptom relief isn’t accurate or expected.
Choice B reason: Levothyroxine supplements, not decreases, thyroxine in hypothyroidism. Decreasing overproduction applies to hyperthyroidism treatments like antithyroid drugs, not this condition.
Choice C reason: Hypothyroidism requires lifelong levothyroxine since the thyroid can’t produce hormone. Stopping when symptoms resolve risks recurrence, making this advice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Excess levothyroxine mimics hyperthyroidism, causing tremors, nervousness, and insomnia from overstimulated metabolism, correctly indicating a need for dose adjustment.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Heparin prevents clotting during dialysis but doesn’t reduce hemoglobin or hematocrit directly. It’s not a primary cause of anemia in renal failure, unlike erythropoietin deficiency.
Choice B reason: Kidneys in chronic renal failure fail to produce erythropoietin, a hormone stimulating red blood cell production, leading to low hemoglobin and hematocrit, the key cause here.
Choice C reason: Minor blood loss occurs in dialysis, but it’s not the primary reason for chronic anemia. Erythropoietin deficiency from renal failure has a greater impact on counts.
Choice D reason: Poor protein intake affects overall health but isn’t the main driver of anemia in renal failure. Erythropoietin loss from kidney dysfunction is the dominant factor.
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