The nurse is caring for a client with left-sided heart failure. Which of the following symptoms correlate to this diagnosis? (Select all that apply)
Tachypnea
Cough
Jugular vein distention
Ascites
Confusion
Correct Answer : A,B
Choice A reason: Tachypnea occurs in left-sided heart failure as pulmonary edema from backpressure increases respiratory effort to oxygenate blood through fluid-filled alveoli.
Choice B reason: Cough in left-sided failure results from pulmonary congestion irritating airways, often producing frothy sputum as fluid leaks from capillaries into lungs.
Choice C reason: Jugular vein distention indicates right-sided heart failure, where systemic venous pressure rises, not left-sided, which affects lungs, not neck veins.
Choice D reason: Ascites, abdominal fluid buildup, stems from right-sided failure’s hepatic congestion, not left-sided failure’s pulmonary focus, making it unrelated here.
Choice E reason: Confusion may occur late in severe heart failure from hypoxia, but it’s not specific to left-sided failure’s early pulmonary symptoms like tachypnea.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Soft foods like applesauce aid swallowing in Parkinson’s dysphagia, reducing aspiration risk from rigidity, a correct self-management strategy.
Choice B reason: Prune juice relieves constipation, common in Parkinson’s from slowed gut motility due to dopamine loss, so this is an accurate statement.
Choice C reason: Carbidopa-levodopa boosts dopamine, easing Parkinson’s motor symptoms (tremors, rigidity), a standard treatment, making this statement correct.
Choice D reason: Parkinson’s stems from dopamine deficiency, not acetylcholine; excess acetylcholine worsens symptoms, so this is incorrect and needs teaching.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Dexamethasone, a steroid, reduces inflammation but doesn’t dissolve or prevent pulmonary embolism clots, irrelevant to acute anticoagulation needs here.
Choice B reason: Heparin, an anticoagulant, prevents clot growth in pulmonary embolism, stabilizing it to reduce further lung vessel occlusion, the standard initial treatment.
Choice C reason: Atropine treats bradycardia by increasing heart rate, not addressing pulmonary embolism’s clot, which requires anticoagulation, not cardiac pacing.
Choice D reason: Furosemide, a diuretic, manages fluid overload but doesn’t affect pulmonary embolism’s thrombus, focusing on volume, not clot dissolution or prevention.
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