The nurse is caring for a patient receiving palliative care with opioid-induced constipation. Laxative therapy has been unsuccessful in treating this patient. Which PRN medication should the nurse provide to best alleviate this type of constipation?

A. Assist patient to a semi-Fowler position: While elevating the head may aid in swallowing, tilting the head forward is a more effective method to direct food into the esophagus and reduce aspiration risk.

B. Encourage the resident to eat meals in the main dining area: While social interaction is beneficial, it does not directly improve dysphagia.

C. Insert a nasogastric tube for feedings: This is reserved for severe cases where oral intake is not possible.

D. Instruct the patient to tilt his or her head slightly forward: This technique (chin-tuck position) improves swallowing by aligning the airway and esophagus, reducing the risk of aspiration.

A. Fats: Restricting fats is not typically indicated in cirrhosis, unless the patient has specific issues like gallbladder disease or pancreatitis.

B. Protein: When ammonia levels rise in cirrhosis (leading to hepatic encephalopathy), restricting protein intake can help reduce the production of ammonia, as proteins are broken down into ammonia in the body.

C. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are generally not restricted in cirrhosis. They are important for energy, especially in patients with liver disease.

D. Water-soluble vitamins: There is no need to restrict water-soluble vitamins in cirrhosis unless there is a specific deficiency or malabsorption.