The nurse is caring for a patient that has had an acute myocardial infarction. What goals should the nurse use to guide this patient's care? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY).

Increase blood viscosity.

Prevent complications.

Relieve chest pain.

Increase cardiac workload.

Reduce myocardial damage.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B

A. Increasing blood viscosity is not a goal in the care of a patient with acute myocardial infarction (MI). In fact, reducing blood viscosity by using anticoagulants or antiplatelets is typically part of the treatment to prevent clot formation.
B. Preventing complications, such as arrhythmias, heart failure, or recurrent infarction, is a key goal in the care of a patient after an acute MI.
C. Relieving chest pain is a priority goal in MI care, as it improves the patient's comfort and helps in reducing myocardial oxygen demand.
D. Increasing cardiac workload can worsen myocardial ischemia and damage. The goal is to reduce workload, not increase it, by using medications like beta-blockers and nitrates to decrease heart rate and blood pressure.
E.Reducing myocardial damage is essential, often achieved through interventions such as thrombolytic therapy, percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), and medications to restore blood flow and limit infarction size.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. removes the client's blood and returns high-dose corticosteroids to the patient: Plasmapheresis involves the removal of plasma from the blood, but it does not involve returning high-dose corticosteroids. It removes harmful substances (such as autoantibodies) from the plasma that contribute to disease symptoms, but it does not involve corticosteroid therapy directly.

B. removes the autoantibodies responsible for Myasthenia Gravis: In Myasthenia Gravis (MG), autoantibodies attack the acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, leading to muscle weakness. Plasmapheresis is used to remove these autoantibodies from the bloodstream, helping to temporarily improve symptoms by reducing the immune system’s attack on the body’s own tissues.

C. treats the thymus gland dysfunction responsible for Myasthenia Gravis: Plasmapheresis does not directly treat the thymus gland. In some cases, thymectomy (removal of the thymus gland) may be indicated for MG, but plasmapheresis specifically addresses the immune response, not the thymus.

D. assists in the immune suppression along with corticosteroids: While plasmapheresis can temporarily reduce the autoimmune response, it does not function as a form of immune suppression like corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are immunosuppressive medications, but plasmapheresis itself is a physical process that removes harmful autoantibodies from the blood

A. hypoxemia refractory to oxygen therapy. B. severe left sided heart failure and resultant pulmonary edema. C. acute renal failure associated with pyelonephritis D. a traumatic brain injury with concomitant spinal cord injury.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Hypoxemia refractory to oxygen therapy: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by severe hypoxemia that does not improve with the administration of oxygen. It results from inflammation and injury to the alveolar-capillary membrane, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs, impaired gas exchange, and significant difficulty in oxygenating the blood, even with high levels of supplemental oxygen.

B. Severe left-sided heart failure and resultant pulmonary edema: Pulmonary edema due to left-sided heart failure is a different condition from ARDS. In pulmonary edema, the hypoxemia is typically responsive to oxygen therapy, and the primary cause is cardiac rather than direct lung injury. ARDS is caused by direct or indirect injury to the lungs, not primarily by cardiac failure.

C. Acute renal failure associated with pyelonephritis: While acute renal failure can be a critical condition, it is not typically associated with ARDS. Pyelonephritis, an infection of the kidney, does not directly lead to the development of ARDS. However, severe sepsis or other systemic infections could lead to ARDS.

D. A traumatic brain injury with concomitant spinal cord injury:While traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are serious conditions, they are not specifically associated with the development of ARDS. However, patients with TBI and SCI can develop other complications, including respiratory failure, but the direct cause of ARDS is typically lung injury or severe systemic inflammation

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The nurse is caring for a patient that has had an acute myocardial infarction. What goals should the nurse use to guide this patient's care? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY).

Nursing Test Bank

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