The nurse is caring for a patient who becomes agitated when visitors stay for extended periods or the hospital unit becomes noisy. The nurse identifies this as sensory overload. Which interventions will be of benefit to the patient? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A reason: This is an incorrect choice because the patient who is nauseated and vomiting after receiving narcotic pain medication is not the most urgent patient. Nausea and vomiting are common side effects of narcotic pain medication and can be managed with antiemetics and hydration. The patient's condition is not life-threatening and does not require immediate intervention.

Choice B reason: This is an incorrect choice because the patient who is waiting for discharge teaching in order to go home is not the most urgent patient. Discharge teaching is an important part of patient education and care transition, but it can be delayed until the more critical patients are attended to. The patient's condition is stable and does not require immediate intervention.

Choice C reason: This is the correct choice because the patient with chest pain after two doses of sublingual nitroglycerin is the most urgent patient. Chest pain is a sign of myocardial ischemia, which can lead to myocardial infarction or heart attack. Sublingual nitroglycerin is a medication that dilates the coronary arteries and relieves chest pain. If the chest pain persists after two doses of sublingual nitroglycerin, the patient may have unstable angina or acute coronary syndrome, which are medical emergencies that require immediate intervention⁴.

Choice D reason: This is an incorrect choice because the constipated patient who needs to use the toilet after receiving a laxative is not the most urgent patient. Constipation is a common gastrointestinal problem that can be treated with laxatives and dietary changes. The patient's condition is not life-threatening and does not require immediate intervention.

Choice A reason: This is correct. The patient must hold on to the railing when ambulating in the hallway indicates that the patient is experiencing difficulty with proprioception. Proprioception is the body's ability to sense its own position, movement, and spatial orientation. It helps the patient maintain balance and coordination. If the patient has impaired proprioception, they may feel unsteady or fall when walking without support.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect. The patient must add extra seasoning to food in order for it to have any flavor does not indicate that the patient is experiencing difficulty with proprioception. This may indicate that the patient has a reduced sense of taste, which can be caused by various factors, such as aging, medication, infection, or smoking. It does not affect the patient's perception of their body or movement.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect. The patient suffered a first-degree burn when a heating pad was left on too long does not indicate that the patient is experiencing difficulty with proprioception. This may indicate that the patient has a reduced sense of pain or temperature, which can be caused by nerve damage, diabetes, or spinal cord injury. It does not affect the patient's perception of their body or movement.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect. The patient did not smell smoke even though the smoke detector was alarming does not indicate that the patient is experiencing difficulty with proprioception. This may indicate that the patient has a reduced sense of smell, which can be caused by nasal congestion, allergy, infection, or head injury. It does not affect the patient's perception of their body or movement.