The nurse is caring for a patient with respiratory alkalosis. Which clinical manifestations will the nurse expect to find?

Lethargy and hypoxia

Light-headedness and muscle spasms

Hypotension and respiratory depression

Muscle twitching and hyperkalaemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Lethargy and hypoxia are not typically associated with respiratory alkalosis. Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is excessive exhalation of carbon dioxide, leading to a decrease in blood CO2 levels and an increase in pH. Lethargy and hypoxia are more often related to respiratory acidosis, where CO2 accumulates due to hypoventilation.

Choice B reason: Light-headedness and muscle spasms are common clinical manifestations of respiratory alkalosis. The decrease in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels leads to cerebral vasoconstriction, resulting in light-headedness or dizziness. Additionally, respiratory alkalosis can cause a shift of calcium in the blood, leading to muscle spasms, tingling, and even tetany.

Choice C reason: Hypotension and respiratory depression are not typical findings in respiratory alkalosis. Hypotension can be a symptom of various conditions but is not directly associated with respiratory alkalosis. Respiratory depression is related to hypoventilation and respiratory acidosis, not hyperventilation.

Choice D reason: Muscle twitching and hyperkalaemia are not manifestations of respiratory alkalosis. Hyperkalaemia is more commonly seen in metabolic acidosis and not in respiratory alkalosis. Muscle twitching can occur in various conditions, but respiratory alkalosis typically causes muscle spasms and tetany due to calcium shifts.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Chronic renal disease typically leads to metabolic acidosis, not alkalosis, due to the accumulation of acids that the kidney cannot excrete.

Choice B reason: Prolonged vomiting leads to the loss of hydrochloric acid from the stomach, which can result in metabolic alkalosis due to the imbalance caused by the loss of stomach acid.

Choice C reason: Hyperventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis due to the excessive exhalation of carbon dioxide, reducing hydrogen ion concentration in the blood.

Choice D reason: Obstructive sleep apnea is typically associated with respiratory acidosis, not metabolic alkalosis, due to episodes of hypoventilation during sleep.

A. Candidiasis B. Dysphonia C. Weight loss D. Headache

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Candidiasis, or oral thrush, is a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids like budesonide. Patients should be educated on the importance of rinsing their mouth after using the inhaler to reduce the risk of this fungal infection.

Choice B reason: Dysphonia, or hoarseness, is another potential side effect of budesonide inhalers. This occurs due to the medication's effect on the vocal cords and can be minimized by using a spacer and rinsing the mouth after inhalation.

Choice C reason: Weight loss is not a common side effect of inhaled budesonide. Inhaled corticosteroids typically do not affect body weight in the same way that systemic corticosteroids might.

Choice D reason: Headache is a potential side effect of budesonide inhalers. Patients should be informed about this possibility and advised to manage headaches with appropriate over-the-counter medications if needed.

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The nurse is caring for a patient with respiratory alkalosis. Which clinical manifestations will the nurse expect to find?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a patient with metabolic alkalosis. What will the nurse recognize as the common cause of this acid-base imbalance?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient, newly diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), who has an order for a budesonide inhaler. When planning medication teaching, the nurse will plan to include which potential side effects of this medication? (Select All That Apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

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