The nurse is caring for a young adult who reports uncontrolled acne vulgaris. Which pathological findings should the nurse observe on inspection of skin areas commonly affected in acne vulgaris?

Small, skin-colored, pedunculated papules in areas of skin folds and on other areas as skin tags

Hyperpigmented areas that vary in form and color and are slightly elevated from the skin.

Hyperactive sebaceous areas forming comedones, papules, pustules on the face, neck, and upper back.

Sharply demarcated silvery scaling plaques with underlying redness on the elbows and knees.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Small, skin-colored, pedunculated papules in areas of skin folds and on other areas as skin tags:

This description is more characteristic of acrochordons (skin tags), which are benign skin growths often found in skin folds. Skin tags are typically not associated with acne vulgaris.

B) Hyperpigmented areas that vary in form and color and are slightly elevated from the skin:

This description may be indicative of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, which can occur after resolution of acne lesions. However, it does not represent the primary pathological findings observed in acne vulgaris.

C) Hyperactive sebaceous areas forming comedones, papules, pustules on the face, neck, and upper back:

Correct. Acne vulgaris is characterized by hyperactive sebaceous glands, leading to the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, and pustules. These lesions commonly occur on the face, neck, and upper back due to the high density of sebaceous glands in these areas.

D) Sharply demarcated silvery scaling plaques with underlying redness on the elbows and knees:

This description is more indicative of psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune skin condition characterized by silvery scaling plaques and inflammation. Psoriasis typically affects extensor surfaces such as the elbows and knees, rather than the areas commonly affected by acne vulgaris.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Multiple organ dysfunction:

Correct. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a widespread inflammatory response to a variety of severe clinical insults, including trauma, infection, burns, or other sources of tissue injury. In the context of trauma from a motor vehicle collision, the body may mount a systemic inflammatory response involving multiple organ systems. This can progress to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), where there is progressive dysfunction of two or more organ systems.

B) Acute kidney injury:

Acute kidney injury (AKI) can certainly occur in the context of severe trauma and systemic inflammation, such as in SIRS. However, AKI is a specific manifestation rather than the overarching pathophysiological process associated with the development of SIRS.

C) Intestinal obstruction:

Intestinal obstruction is a mechanical obstruction of the intestines and is not typically associated with the development of SIRS unless there is associated ischemia or perforation leading to systemic inflammation.

D) Sepsis:

Sepsis is a severe infection that has spread throughout the body and triggers a systemic inflammatory response. While sepsis can lead to SIRS, it is not the only cause. In this scenario, trauma from a motor vehicle collision is the primary cause of the systemic inflammatory response, rather than infection.

A. Acute pancreatitis. B. Surgical site infection. C. Hepatorenal failure. D. Biliary duct obstruction.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The client's symptoms, along with the elevated serum amylase and lipase levels, suggest the development of acute pancreatitis as a postoperative complication. Here's a detailed explanation for why option A is the correct choice:

A) Acute pancreatitis:

Correct. Acute pancreatitis is characterized by inflammation of the pancreas, which can be triggered by various factors, including gallstones, alcohol consumption, and certain medications. In this case, the client's recent cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis (gallstones) may have led to the development of acute pancreatitis. The persistent upper abdominal pain radiating to the back, along with vomiting and fever, are classic symptoms of acute pancreatitis. Elevated serum amylase and lipase levels are common laboratory findings in acute pancreatitis due to pancreatic cell injury and leakage of these enzymes into the bloodstream.

B) Surgical site infection:

While surgical site infections are potential complications of cholecystectomy, the client's symptoms, including upper abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever, are more indicative of a systemic inflammatory process rather than localized infection at the surgical site.

C) Hepatorenal failure:

Hepatorenal failure, also known as hepatorenal syndrome, refers to kidney dysfunction that occurs as a complication of advanced liver disease. The client's symptoms and laboratory findings are not consistent with hepatorenal failure, as there are no signs of significant liver dysfunction or advanced liver disease.

D) Biliary duct obstruction:

While biliary duct obstruction can lead to symptoms similar to those of acute pancreatitis, such as upper abdominal pain and vomiting, the presence of elevated serum amylase and lipase levels strongly suggests pancreatic involvement rather than isolated biliary duct obstruction.

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The nurse is caring for a young adult who reports uncontrolled acne vulgaris. Which pathological findings should the nurse observe on inspection of skin areas commonly affected in acne vulgaris?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a client who experienced multiple invasive trauma from a motor vehicle collision and has developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Which pathophysiological process is most likely associated with the development of SIRS in this client?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

An adult client with extreme fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and bradycardia is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which laboratory findings is this client likely to exhibit?

The development of atherosclerosis is a process of sequential events. Arrange the pathophysiological events in order of occurrence. Place the first event on top, and the last on the bottom.

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