The nurse is describing the maturation of various organ systems during toddlerhood to the parents. What would the nurse correctly include in this description?

Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is complete at about 24 months.

Alveoli reach adult numbers by 3 years of age.

Urine output in a toddler typically averages approximately 30 mL/hour.

Toddlers typically have strong abdominal muscles by the age of 2.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Myelination of the brain and spinal cord is a continuous process that begins during fetal development and continues through childhood and adolescence. While significant myelination

occurs during infancy and toddlerhood, it is not complete by 24 months. However, substantial progress in myelination does occur during the toddler years, contributing to the development of motor and cognitive skills.

B. Alveoli reach adult numbers by 3 years of age. This statement is incorrect. Alveoli continue to develop and increase in number after birth, reaching adult numbers around adolescence, not by 3 years of age.

C. Urine output in a toddler typically averages approximately 30 mL/hour. This statement is incorrect. Toddlers typically have higher urine output rates than adults due to their smaller

bladder capacity and higher metabolic rate. The average urine output for a toddler is around 1-2 mL/kg/hour, which varies depending on factors such as hydration status and activity level.

D. Toddlers typically have strong abdominal muscles by the age of 2. This statement is incorrect. While toddlers may develop some abdominal muscle strength through activities such as walking and climbing, their muscle tone and strength are still developing and may not be as strong as in older children or adults.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Wash the hands and breasts thoroughly prior to breastfeeding: While hand hygiene is

important, washing the breasts thoroughly before breastfeeding is not recommended as it can remove natural oils that protect the skin and may cause irritation.

B. Bring the baby's wide-open mouth to the breast to form a seal around all of the nipple and areolA. This is a recommended guideline for proper latching during breastfeeding. Ensuring that the baby's mouth covers both the nipple and the surrounding areola helps to facilitate effective milk transfer and prevents nipple pain or damage.

C. When finished, the mother can break the suction by firmly pulling the baby's mouth away from the nipplE. Breaking the suction by pulling the baby's mouth away can cause nipple

trauma. Instead, it's recommended to insert a clean finger into the corner of the baby's mouth to break the suction before removing the baby from the breast.

D. Stroke the nipple against the baby's chin to stimulate wide opening of the baby's mouth: This action may not effectively stimulate the baby to open wide and latch properly. It's better to use gentle pressure on the baby's chin or lower lip to encourage a wider latch

A. "Do you enjoy reading a book?" B. "Are you happy with your teacher?" C. "Do you like your new school?" D. “What are your new classmates like?"

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "Do you enjoy reading a book?"

While reading preferences can provide some insight into the child's interests, it may not directly address the issue of trouble adjusting to school.

B. "Are you happy with your teacher?"

Asking about the child's satisfaction with the teacher may provide some information, but it may not uncover the underlying issues contributing to the trouble adjusting to school.

C. "Do you like your new school?"

This question addresses the general perception of the school environment but may not necessarily uncover specific issues related to adjusting to school.

D. “What are your new classmates like?"

Asking about the child's interactions with classmates can provide valuable information about social dynamics, peer relationships, and potential sources of stress or difficulty adjusting to school. It allows the nurse to explore the child's experiences and perceptions within the school setting, which can help identify areas of concern and potential interventions.

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The nurse is describing the maturation of various organ systems during toddlerhood to the parents. What would the nurse correctly include in this description?

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Correct Answer is D

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