The nurse is evaluating the outcomes for a client who is being treated for iron deficiency anemia.
Which of the following findings would indicate that the treatment is effective?

Choice A rationale

Reducing caffeine consumption decreases bladder irritation and helps manage urinary incontinence symptoms. Caffeine stimulates bladder activity and exacerbates urgency and frequency. Clinical evidence supports its reduction as part of an effective urinary incontinence management strategy.

Choice B rationale

Grapefruit juice is acidic and irritates the bladder lining, worsening symptoms of urinary incontinence. Substituting orange juice with grapefruit juice does not mitigate bladder irritation. Both contain acids and should be avoided to manage urinary incontinence effectively. Citrus juices are contraindicated in clients managing urinary incontinence.

Choice C rationale

Kegel exercises improve pelvic floor muscle strength, reducing urinary incontinence episodes. They enhance the function of the urinary sphincter and support better bladder control. Kegel exercises are widely recommended in clinical practice for patients managing urinary incontinence and are supported by robust scientific evidence.

Choice D rationale

Scheduled bathroom visits prevent bladder overdistension and manage urinary incontinence symptoms effectively. Timed voiding trains the bladder to hold urine for specific periods, reducing the frequency of urgency episodes. It is an effective behavioral approach supported by clinical guidelines for managing urinary incontinence.

Choice A rationale

Hypotension is not a typical sign of fluid overload. Fluid overload often presents with hypertension due to increased circulatory volume. Monitoring blood pressure is essential, but hypotension does not reliably indicate fluid overload. This option does not align with scientific understanding of fluid overload symptoms.

Choice B rationale

Distention above the pubis area suggests urinary retention or bladder distension rather than fluid overload. While important to assess, it does not directly indicate fluid overload. This symptom is more related to mechanical issues than systemic fluid imbalance and volume overload.

Choice C rationale

Hypernatremia is not a sign of fluid overload. Fluid overload typically results in dilutional hyponatremia, where excessive fluids lower sodium levels. Monitoring sodium levels is useful, but hypernatremia would suggest dehydration or other conditions, not excess fluid volume. This choice is inconsistent with scientific knowledge.

Choice D rationale

Maintaining strict intake and output records is a fundamental approach to monitoring fluid balance. Accurate measurements of fluid intake and output help detect fluid overload early. This method directly correlates with assessing excess fluid volume in clinical practice. It is a reliable, evidence-based intervention for monitoring fluid status. .