The nurse is explaining the differences between uncontrolled and controlled substances.
Which of the following medications is a controlled substance?

Choice A rationale

Metoprolol is a beta-blocker used to manage hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions, but it is not a vasodilator used for hypertensive crises.

Choice B rationale

Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent used to manage type 2 diabetes and has no role in treating hypertension or hypertensive crises.

Choice C rationale

Lisinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used to manage hypertension and heart failure, but it is not typically used for hypertensive crises.

Choice D rationale

Nitroglycerin is a potent vasodilator used to rapidly lower blood pressure in hypertensive crises. It works by dilating blood vessels, thus reducing blood pressure effectively. .

Choice A rationale: Administering a small test dose is not typically required before giving an antibiotic unless there is a known history of severe allergies. It is more important to identify the causative organism to ensure the appropriate antibiotic is used.

Choice B rationale: Having epinephrine available is a safety measure for potential severe allergic reactions, but it is not the most immediate priority. Ensuring the antibiotic is appropriate for the infection is crucial.

Choice C rationale: Monitoring the client's temperature and blood pressure is important, but it is not the most immediate priority before administering the antibiotic. These parameters should be monitored throughout treatment.

Choice D rationale: Obtaining a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity is the most important action before administering the antibiotic. This ensures that the correct antibiotic is prescribed based on the specific bacteria causing the infection. It helps prevent the use of ineffective antibiotics and reduces the risk of antibiotic resistance.