The nurse is informed that a patient had abnormal heart sounds during the night shift. When auscultating abnormal heart sounds, the nurse knows to listen to heart sounds with the:

bell of the stethoscope on top of the patient's gown.

diaphragm of the stethoscope directly on the patient's skin.

diaphragm of the stethoscope on top of the patient's gown.

bell of the stethoscope directly on the patient's skin.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   The bell is used to detect low-pitched sounds, but abnormal heart sounds are often high-pitched, requiring the diaphragm.
B.   The diaphragm of the stethoscope is best for detecting high-pitched heart sounds, such as murmurs or abnormal rhythms.
C.   The diaphragm on top of the gown would create interference and prevent proper auscultation of heart sounds.
D.   The bell is used for lower-pitched sounds and is not the best choice for auscultating abnormal heart sounds.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Temperature often decreases in cases of severe blood loss due to shock and hypothermia.
B. A decrease in pulse is unlikely in severe blood loss. The body compensates with an increased heart rate.
C. A decrease in blood pressure is expected in cases of significant blood loss, as the body struggles to maintain adequate circulation.
D. Respirations may increase in response to blood loss, not decrease, as the body attempts to increase oxygen intake.

A. a drop of 15 to 20 mm Hg from baseline when changing position. B. dizziness upon rising to a standing position. C. blurred vision. D. syncope.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. A significant drop in blood pressure when standing (typically greater than 20 mm Hg systolic or 10 mm Hg diastolic) is a hallmark of orthostatic hypotension.
B. Dizziness upon standing is a classic symptom of orthostatic hypotension due to decreased blood flow to the brain.
C. Blurred vision can also result from decreased blood flow and is a common symptom of orthostatic hypotension.
D. Syncope (fainting) can occur as a result of orthostatic hypotension when the brain does not receive enough oxygenated blood due to the drop in blood pressure.

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The nurse is informed that a patient had abnormal heart sounds during the night shift. When auscultating abnormal heart sounds, the nurse knows to listen to heart sounds with the:

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