The nurse is preparing discharge teaching for a client who is recently diagnosed with Multiple sclerosis. Which of the following is the most important to include in the patient teaching?

Limit fluid intake

Utilize assistive devices as needed

Schedule eye examinations every other year

Double up on any missed scheduled medications

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A) Limit fluid intake:
There is no evidence to suggest that limiting fluid intake is necessary or beneficial for clients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In fact, staying well-hydrated is often encouraged, especially for individuals with bladder dysfunction or those at risk for urinary retention or constipation, which are common symptoms of MS. Restricting fluid intake could exacerbate these issues and is not a priority in MS management.

B) Utilize assistive devices as needed:
The most important aspect of teaching for a client recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis is to encourage the use of assistive devices as needed. MS often causes mobility issues, weakness, and coordination difficulties due to damage to the nervous system. Using devices like canes, walkers, or wheelchairs can significantly improve independence and safety, helping the client maintain mobility and prevent falls

C) Schedule eye examinations every other year:
Eye problems, such as optic neuritis or diplopia (double vision), are common in MS, but the frequency of eye exams depends on the individual’s symptoms. Regular eye exams are important, but every other year is generally not frequent enough. Most MS patients are advised to have annual eye exams or as recommended by their ophthalmologist, especially if they experience any changes in vision.

D) Double up on any missed scheduled medications:
Doubling up on missed medications is not recommended, as it can lead to overdose or increase the risk of side effects. It is important to follow the prescribed medication regimen and use strategies to help the client remember their medications, such as setting reminders or using a medication organizer.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Jaundice:
Carbidopa-levodopa works by increasing dopamine levels in the brain to help alleviate symptoms of Parkinson's disease, but it is not typically associated with liver dysfunction that would lead to jaundice. If jaundice were to occur, it could indicate liver problems, which would need to be evaluated further, but this is not a typical side effect of Sinemet.

B) Hyperglycemia:
Sinemet primarily affects dopamine levels in the brain and does not have a direct impact on blood sugar regulation. However, long-term use of certain medications, especially corticosteroids or other specific treatments, can affect glucose levels, but carbidopa-levodopa is not typically linked to hyperglycemia.

C) Hypertension:

Carbidopa-levodopa may lead to fluctuations in blood pressure, including lowering blood pressure, especially when the patient is changing positions. However, hypertension is not a typical response to this medication. Instead, patients may experience orthostatic hypotension, which is more common with carbidopa-levodopa.

D) Orthostatic hypotension:
Orthostatic hypotension is a well-recognized and common side effect of carbidopa-levodopa. This occurs because Sinemet affects the autonomic nervous system, which can cause a decrease in blood pressure when moving from a sitting or lying position to standing. Patients on carbidopa-levodopa should be advised to rise slowly to minimize the risk of dizziness or fainting due to orthostatic hypotension.

A. Prepare for defibrillation B. Atropine administration C. Prepare for synchronized cardioversion D. Amiodarone administration

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Prepare for defibrillation: Defibrillation is the priority intervention for ventricular fibrillation, as it is the most effective treatment to terminate this life-threatening arrhythmia. Rapid defibrillation can restore a perfusing rhythm, which is critical for survival in a client who is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic.

B. Atropine administration: Atropine is used to treat bradycardia or asystole but is not effective for ventricular fibrillation. In this scenario, defibrillation takes precedence over medication administration to restore a normal heart rhythm.

C. Prepare for synchronized cardioversion: Synchronized cardioversion is used for certain tachyarrhythmias when the client has a pulse. Ventricular fibrillation requires immediate unsynchronized defibrillation because the client is pulseless and unresponsive.

D. Amiodarone administration: Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic drug that can be used after defibrillation and chest compressions to stabilize the heart rhythm. However, it is not the initial action in this emergency; defibrillation must occur first to terminate the arrhythmia and restore circulation.

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The nurse is preparing discharge teaching for a client who is recently diagnosed with Multiple sclerosis. Which of the following is the most important to include in the patient teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with Parkinson's disease is prescribed carbidopa-levadopa [Sinemet]. Which of the following side effects does the nurse recognize can occur with this medication?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who develops the rhythm below. The client is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. Which of the following actions should the nurse expect to do first?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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