The nurse is preparing discharge teaching for a client who is recently diagnosed with Multiple sclerosis. Which of the following is the most important to include in the patient teaching?

Limit fluid intake

Utilize assistive devices as needed

Schedule eye examinations every other year

Double up on any missed scheduled medications

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A) Limit fluid intake:
There is no evidence to suggest that limiting fluid intake is necessary or beneficial for clients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In fact, staying well-hydrated is often encouraged, especially for individuals with bladder dysfunction or those at risk for urinary retention or constipation, which are common symptoms of MS. Restricting fluid intake could exacerbate these issues and is not a priority in MS management.

B) Utilize assistive devices as needed:
The most important aspect of teaching for a client recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis is to encourage the use of assistive devices as needed. MS often causes mobility issues, weakness, and coordination difficulties due to damage to the nervous system. Using devices like canes, walkers, or wheelchairs can significantly improve independence and safety, helping the client maintain mobility and prevent falls

C) Schedule eye examinations every other year:
Eye problems, such as optic neuritis or diplopia (double vision), are common in MS, but the frequency of eye exams depends on the individual’s symptoms. Regular eye exams are important, but every other year is generally not frequent enough. Most MS patients are advised to have annual eye exams or as recommended by their ophthalmologist, especially if they experience any changes in vision.

D) Double up on any missed scheduled medications:
Doubling up on missed medications is not recommended, as it can lead to overdose or increase the risk of side effects. It is important to follow the prescribed medication regimen and use strategies to help the client remember their medications, such as setting reminders or using a medication organizer.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Improved bladder function:
Diphenhydramine, an antihistamine, has anticholinergic properties, meaning it blocks acetylcholine, which can cause side effects like urinary retention and dry mouth. While it may increase urinary retention, it is not primarily used to treat bladder function issues in Parkinson's disease.

B) Relief of depression:
Diphenhydramine is not prescribed for the treatment of depression in Parkinson's disease. It is an antihistamine used to treat allergic reactions and motion sickness, and sometimes for its anticholinergic effects in Parkinson's disease. While it may cause sedation, it does not address the neurochemical imbalances in the brain that cause depression, which is often treated with antidepressants such as SSRIs or SNRIs.

C) Decreased tremors:
Diphenhydramine has anticholinergic properties, which can help reduce tremors in patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is associated with a dopamine deficit, but acetylcholine also plays a role in motor control. The use of anticholinergic medications, such as diphenhydramine, can help restore balance between dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain, leading to decreased tremors.

D) Delay in disease progression:
There is no evidence that diphenhydramine can delay the progression of Parkinson's disease. The disease is caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, and current treatments, such as levodopa/carbidopa or dopamine agonists, primarily aim to manage symptoms rather than prevent progression.

A. "Take one tablet every 15 during an acute attack." B. "Take this medication after each meal and at bedtime." C. "Take one tablet at the first indication of chest pain." D. ‘’Take this medication with 8 ounces of water."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) "Take one tablet every 15 minutes during an acute attack."
This is incorrect because the correct instruction is to take one tablet every 5 minutes for up to 3 doses during an acute angina attack, not every 15 minutes. If the chest pain persists after three doses, the client should seek immediate medical attention. Taking a tablet every 15 minutes would delay intervention and could be dangerous in an acute situation.

B) "Take this medication after each meal and at bedtime."
This is not the correct instruction for nitroglycerin use during an angina attack. Nitroglycerin tablets are typically used on an as-needed basis to relieve acute chest pain (angina). They are not intended for routine use after meals or at bedtime. If taken routinely for prevention of angina, the dosing regimen would be different, usually in the form of extended-release formulations.

C) "Take one tablet at the first indication of chest pain."
Nitroglycerin tablets are used to relieve chest pain (angina) by relaxing coronary arteries and improving blood flow to the heart. The client should take one tablet at the first sign of chest pain. If the pain does not resolve within 5 minutes, the client should take a second tablet, and a third if needed, with a total of 3 doses being the maximum before seeking emergency care. This allows for quick relief during an acute angina attack.

D) "Take this medication with 8 ounces of water."
Nitroglycerin tablets should not be taken with water. They are typically absorbed sublingually (under the tongue) and should not be swallowed or taken with water. Taking them with water could delay the absorption process and reduce their effectiveness.

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The nurse is preparing discharge teaching for a client who is recently diagnosed with Multiple sclerosis. Which of the following is the most important to include in the patient teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has Parkinson's disease and is taking diphenhydramine 25 mg PO TID. Which of the following therapeutic outcomes should the nurse expect to see?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has angina pectoris about starting therapy with nitroglycerin tablets. The nurse should include which of the following instructions regarding how to take the medication?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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