The nurse is providing education on the pathophysiology of acne vulgaris. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

Explanation: Pustules are inflamed, tender, and pus-filled lesions commonly seen in acne vulgaris. They are a result of bacterial infection and inflammation within the blocked hair follicles.

Incorrect choices: a. Comedones - Comedones are non-inflammatory lesions that may be open (blackheads) or closed (whiteheads) and are not inflamed or pus-filled.

b. Nodules - Nodules are larger, solid, and painful lesions that extend deeper into the skin. They are more severe than pustules and papules.

c. Papules - Papules are small, red, inflamed bumps on the skin but are not pus-filled like pustules.

Explanation: Choice d indicates a need for further teaching because acne vulgaris is not primarily caused by a deficiency of vitamins and minerals. Acne results from a combination of factors such as increased sebum production, clogged hair follicles, bacterial colonization, and inflammation.

Incorrect choices: a. "Acne vulgaris is caused by bacterial infections on the skin." - This statement is partially correct. Bacteria, particularly Propionibacterium acnes, play a role in the inflammation and exacerbation of acne, but they are not the sole cause.

b. "Acne vulgaris results from an overproduction of sebum by the sebaceous glands." - This statement is correct. An excess production of sebum contributes to the development of acne by clogging pores and promoting

bacterial growth.

c. "Acne vulgaris is a result of hormonal changes during puberty." - This statement is correct. Hormonal changes during puberty can lead to increased sebum production and contribute to the development of acne.